adoration
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C1 noun /ˌædəˈreɪʃən/

adoration

adoración / amor profundo
Meaning
deep love and respect; worship
Example
The fans showed their adoration for the singer.
Los fanáticos mostraron su adoración por el cantante.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

asignación, reparto
Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
Cada departamento recibió una asignación de recursos.
C1 noun /əˈbændənmənt/

abandonment

abandono
Meaning
the act of leaving someone or something behind completely; the state of being deserted
Example
The child suffered deep emotional pain because of abandonment.
El niño sufrió un profundo dolor emocional por el abandono.
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/

affix

adjuntar / pegar
Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
Por favor, adjunte el sello al sobre.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

agitar, provocar
Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
Los manifestantes agitaron por mejores condiciones laborales.
C1 adjective /əˈtrəʊ.ʃəs/

Atrocious

atroz; extremadamente malo o desagradable
Meaning
horrifyingly wicked; extremely bad or unpleasant
Example
The conditions in the prison were atrocious.
Las condiciones en la prisión eran atroces.
C1 adjective eɪˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

asynchronous

asíncrono
Meaning
Of or requiring a form of computer control timing protocol in which a specific operation begins upon receipt of an indication that the preceding operation has been completed.
Example
Asynchronous courses allow students to learn at their own pace.
Los cursos asincrónicos permiten a los estudiantes aprender a su propio ritmo.
C1 verb /əˈskraɪb/

ascribe

atribuir, asignar
Meaning
To attribute something to a cause, source, or person.
Example
Many scholars ascribe the poem to an unknown author.
Muchos eruditos atribuyen el poema a un autor desconocido.
C1 noun /əˈkuːstɪks/

acoustics

acústica
Meaning
the science of sound, or the properties of a space that affect how sound is heard
Example
The hall’s excellent acoustics made the orchestra sound rich and clear.
La excelente acústica del salón hizo que la orquesta sonara rica y clara.
C1 noun /ˈæbət/

abbot

abad
Meaning
The head of a monastery for monks.
Example
The abbot welcomed the visitors to the monastery.
El abad dio la bienvenida a los visitantes al monasterio.
C1 adjective /əˈɡrɛəriən/

agrarian

agrícola
Meaning
Related to farming, agriculture, or rural land.
Example
The country’s economy is still largely agrarian.
La economía del país sigue siendo en gran parte agrícola.
C1 adjective /ˌæn.ɪkˈdoʊ.t̬əl/

anecdotal

basado en relatos personales más que en hechos o investigaciones, caracterizado por anécdotas
Meaning
Based on personal accounts rather than facts or research; characterized by anecdotes.
Example
The book was filled with anecdotal evidence rather than data.
El libro estaba lleno de evidencia anecdótica en lugar de datos.
C1 verb /əˈlʊər/

allure

atraer
Meaning
to attract or tempt someone with something desirable; to entice
Example
The beautiful garden allured visitors from far away.
El hermoso jardín atrajo a los visitantes desde lejos.
C1 noun /ˌæn.əˈnɪm.ə.ti/

anonymity

anonimato
Meaning
The state of being anonymous; having one's identity kept secret or unknown.
Example
Online anonymity protects users from cyber threats.
La anonimidad en línea protege a los usuarios de amenazas cibernéticas.
C1 noun /ˈænərkɪst/

anarchist

anarquista
Meaning
a person who believes in or promotes the absence of government or authority
Example
The anarchist group protested against state control.
El grupo anarquista protestó contra el control estatal.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

refrán
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
El viejo refrán dice que la honestidad es la mejor política.
C1 noun /əˈrɪəz/

arrears

deuda pendiente
Meaning
Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier.
Example
She was months in arrears with her electricity bill.
Estaba meses en deuda con su factura de electricidad.
C1 noun /əˈpɒsəl/

apostle

apóstol, defensor
Meaning
A vigorous and pioneering advocate or supporter of a particular cause, often used for the early Christian disciples.
Example
He became an apostle of environmental protection.
Él se convirtió en un apóstol de la protección del medio ambiente.
C1 noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts/

antecedents

antecedentes
Meaning
previous events, conditions, or people that influence or serve as a basis for something that follows
Example
The lawyer examined the criminal antecedents of the suspect.
El abogado examinó los antecedentes criminales del sospechoso.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/

algorithmic

basado en algoritmos
Meaning
Based on or using algorithms; relating to mathematical rules or procedures.
Example
Algorithmic processes power artificial intelligence systems.
Los procesos algorítmicos impulsan los sistemas de inteligencia artificial.
C1 verb əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt

annihilate

aniquilar
Meaning
Destroy utterly; obliterate; reduce to nothing.
Example
The explosion annihilated the entire village.
La explosión aniquiló toda la aldea.
C1 preposition /əˈtɒp/

atop

encima
Meaning
on the top of something
Example
A flag was placed atop the tower.
Una bandera fue colocada encima de la torre.
C1 verb /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

alleviate

aliviar o mitigar
Meaning
To make suffering, deficiency, or a problem less severe; to relieve or ease.
Example
Meditation can alleviate stress and improve focus.
La meditación puede aliviar el estrés y mejorar el enfoque.
C1 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪt/

administrate

administrar
Meaning
to manage or supervise the execution of duties, laws, or resources; to formally give or apply something such as a test or medicine
Example
The committee will administrate the new policy across all departments.
El comité administrará la nueva política en todos los departamentos.
C1 verb /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/

acclimate

aclimatarse
Meaning
To adapt or become accustomed to a new environment or situation
Example
It takes time to acclimate to a new climate.
Se necesita tiempo para aclimatarse a un nuevo clima.
C1 verb /ədˈmɒnɪʃ/

admonish

amonestar
Meaning
to warn or reprimand someone firmly; to advise or urge earnestly
Example
The teacher admonished the students for being late.
El profesor amonestó a los estudiantes por llegar tarde.
C1 noun /ˌæf.ɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/

affirmation

afirmación
Meaning
The action or process of affirming something or being affirmed; emotional support or encouragement.
Example
Daily affirmation of self-worth boosts confidence.
La afirmación diaria del autoestima aumenta la confianza.
C1 verb /əˈsæsɪneɪt/

assassinate

asesinar
Meaning
To murder someone important, often a political or religious leader, usually by surprise attack.
Example
The rebels planned to assassinate the king.
Los rebeldes planearon asesinar al rey.
C1 noun /əˈsɛsər/

assessor

evaluador
Meaning
a person who evaluates or estimates the nature, ability, or quality of something
Example
An external assessor reviewed the project report.
Un evaluador externo revisó el informe del proyecto.
C1 adverb /əˈkjuːtli/

acutely

agudamente
Meaning
in a sharp, intense, or severe way; with keen awareness
Example
She was acutely aware of the risks involved.
Ella era agudamente consciente de los riesgos involucrados.
C1 adverb /əˈbrɛst/

abreast

lado a lado
Meaning
side by side and facing the same direction; informed about something
Example
The soldiers marched two abreast down the street.
Los soldados marcharon dos lado a lado por la calle.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈstɪə/

austere

austero, sencillo
Meaning
Severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance; plain and simple.
Example
The monk lived an austere life in the mountains.
El monje vivió una vida austera en las montañas.
C1 adjective /æmˈfɪb.i.əs/

Amphibious

anfibio
Meaning
able to live both on land and in water; suitable for both land and water operations
Example
The amphibious vehicle can travel on both land and water.
El vehículo anfibio puede viajar tanto en tierra como en agua.
C1 noun /ˌɑːr.kəˈpɛl.əˌɡoʊ/

archipelago

archipiélago
Meaning
A group of islands clustered together in a body of water.
Example
Indonesia is an archipelago with thousands of islands.
Indonesia es un archipiélago con miles de islas.
C1 verb /əˈdʒɔɪn/

adjoin

unirse
Meaning
To be next to and joined with something.
Example
Their house adjoins the park.
Su casa está unida al parque.
C1 noun /əˈboʊd/

abode

morada
Meaning
a place of residence; a home
Example
They invited us to their humble abode.
Nos invitaron a su humilde morada.
C1 adjective /æbˈdɑː.mə.nəl/

abdominal

abdominal
Meaning
relating to the abdomen (the part of the body between the chest and pelvis)
Example
He complained of severe abdominal pain.
Se quejaba de un dolor abdominal severo.
C1 noun /ˈæmfɪˌθiətər/

amphitheater

anfiteatro
Meaning
A large open circular or oval building with rising tiers of seats, used for public events.
Example
The concert was held in an ancient amphitheater.
El concierto se celebró en un antiguo anfiteatro.
C1 adjective /ˌæpəˈθɛtɪk/

apathetic

apático
Meaning
showing or feeling little or no interest, enthusiasm, or concern
Example
He was apathetic about the outcome of the match.
Él estaba apático respecto al resultado del partido.
C1 verb /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/

arbitrate

arbitrar
Meaning
to settle a dispute between two parties by acting as an impartial judge
Example
The committee agreed to arbitrate the contract dispute.
El comité acordó arbitrar la disputa del contrato.
C1 noun /əˈdʒeɪsənsi/

adjacency

adyacencia
Meaning
The state of being next to or adjoining something else.
Example
The adjacency of the two buildings made it easy to connect them.
La adyacencia de los dos edificios hizo fácil conectarlos.
C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒmətən/

automaton

máquina automática
Meaning
A machine that works automatically; also refers to a person who behaves like a machine, without thinking.
Example
He worked like an automaton, without showing any emotion.
Él trabajaba como un autómata, sin mostrar ninguna emoción.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrməri/

armory

arsenal
Meaning
A place where weapons are stored; a supply of resources or skills.
Example
The soldiers kept their weapons in the armory.
Los soldados guardaron sus armas en el arsenal.
C1 noun ˌæp.əˈreɪ.təs

apparatus

aparato
Meaning
The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose.
Example
The apparatus was designed to be eco-friendly.
El aparato fue diseñado para ser ecológico.
C1 noun /æbˈstrækʃən/

abstraction

abstracción
Meaning
the process of forming general ideas by removing specific details; an abstract concept or idea
Example
Abstraction allows complex ideas to be represented in a simplified form.
La abstracción permite representar ideas complejas de forma simplificada.
C1 noun /ˈænvɪl/

anvil

yunque de hierro
Meaning
A heavy iron block used by blacksmiths for hammering and shaping metal.
Example
The blacksmith placed the hot iron on the anvil.
El herrero colocó el hierro caliente sobre el yunque.
C1 adverb /əˈraɪ/

awry

equivocado
Meaning
away from the expected or proper direction; wrong or amiss
Example
The plan went awry when the weather suddenly changed.
El plan salió mal cuando el clima cambió repentinamente.
C1 adjective /ˈɔː.də.bəl/

Audible

audible
Meaning
able to be heard; loud enough to hear
Example
The speaker's voice was barely audible from the back of the large hall.
La voz del orador apenas era audible desde el fondo del gran salón.
C1 adjective /ˈæv.ɪd/

avid

ávido
Meaning
having an eager desire or enthusiasm for something
Example
She is an avid reader of mystery novels.
Ella es una ávida lectora de novelas de misterio.
C1 noun /əˈtrɑːsəti/

atrocity

atrocidad
Meaning
an extremely cruel or violent act, often involving physical violence
Example
The world condemned the atrocity committed against civilians.
El mundo condenó la atrocidad cometida contra los civiles.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrdər/

ardor

pasión, entusiasmo
Meaning
Great enthusiasm or passion.
Example
She spoke with ardor about her new project.
Ella habló con ardor sobre su nuevo proyecto.
C1 adjective /əˈdɒptɪv/

adoptive

adoptivo
Meaning
relating to the adoption of a child or the act of taking something as one’s own
Example
She grew up in a loving adoptive family.
Ella creció en una familia adoptiva cariñosa.
C1 noun, verb, adjective /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡət/ (noun/adjective), /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪt/ (verb)

aggregate

agregado, conjunto
Meaning
A whole formed by combining several elements; to combine into a total.
Example
The data was aggregated to provide a clearer picture of the market.
Los datos fueron agregados para proporcionar una imagen más clara del mercado.
C1 verb /əˈdʒɜrn/

adjourn

suspender
Meaning
to suspend a meeting or session to another time or place
Example
The judge decided to adjourn the hearing until next week.
El juez decidió suspender la audiencia hasta la próxima semana.
C1 noun /ˈæpəθi/

apathy

apatía
Meaning
a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
Example
The students showed apathy towards the new rules.
Los estudiantes mostraron apatía hacia las nuevas reglas.
C1 adjective /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bəl/

amicable

amistoso
Meaning
Having a spirit of friendliness; without serious disagreement or rancor.
Example
They reached an amicable agreement.
Alcanzaron un acuerdo amistoso.
C1 noun /ˈænəɡræm/

anagram

una palabra o frase formada reordenando las letras de otra palabra o frase.
Meaning
A word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.
Example
The word 'listen' is an anagram of 'silent'.
La palabra 'listen' es un anagrama de 'silent'.
C1 adjective /ɑːrˈkeɪɪk/

archaic

arcaico
Meaning
very old or old-fashioned; belonging to an earlier time
Example
Some laws are considered archaic and no longer relevant.
Algunas leyes se consideran arcaicas y ya no son relevantes.
C1 noun /ˈæbsɛs/

abscess

absceso
Meaning
A swollen area within body tissue containing pus, usually caused by infection.
Example
The dentist treated the abscess in his tooth.
El dentista trató el absceso en su diente.
C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒkrəsi/

autocracy

autocracia
Meaning
A system of government in which one person has absolute power.
Example
The country suffered under decades of autocracy.
El país sufrió durante décadas bajo una autocracia.
C1 noun /ˈæftərˌθɔːt/

afterthought

un añadido
Meaning
Something added or considered later than originally planned.
Example
The gift seemed like an afterthought rather than a genuine gesture.
El regalo parecía un detalle de última hora más que un gesto genuino.
C1 noun /ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/

aptitude

aptitud
Meaning
a natural ability or talent to do something well
Example
She has a strong aptitude for learning new languages.
Ella tiene una gran aptitud para aprender nuevos idiomas.
C1 noun /əˈduː/

ado

alboroto / actividad innecesaria
Meaning
a fuss or unnecessary activity; trouble or difficulty
Example
Without further ado, let’s begin the ceremony.
Sin más alboroto, empecemos la ceremonia.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.nəs/

Anus

ano
Meaning
the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste leaves the body
Example
The doctor examined the patient's anus during the medical checkup.
El doctor examinó el ano del paciente durante el chequeo médico.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːdəˌtɔːri/

auditory

auditivo
Meaning
Relating to the sense of hearing.
Example
The lecture was designed to enhance students' auditory learning skills.
La conferencia fue disenada para mejorar las habilidades de aprendizaje auditivo de los estudiantes.
C1 noun /əˈsɪdɪti/

acidity

acidez
Meaning
the quality or degree of being acidic; the amount of acid present in a substance
Example
The acidity of the soil affects how well crops grow.
La acidez del suelo afecta el crecimiento de los cultivos.
C1 noun ˌæɡ.rəʊˈkem.ɪ.kəl

agrochemical

agroquímico
Meaning
A chemical product used in agriculture, especially a pesticide or fertilizer.
Example
Excessive use of agrochemicals can degrade soil quality.
El uso excesivo de agroquímicos puede degradar la calidad del suelo.
C1 verb /əˈdɔːrn/

adorn

adornar
Meaning
to decorate or add beauty to something
Example
The hall was adorned with flowers for the wedding.
El salón fue adornado con flores para la boda.
C1 adjective /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/

antiquated

anticuado
Meaning
Old-fashioned or outdated.
Example
The office still uses an antiquated filing system.
La oficina todavía usa un sistema de archivos anticuado.
C1 noun /əˌsaɪˈniː/

assignee

persona asignada
Meaning
a person to whom a right or property is legally transferred
Example
The assignee of the contract is responsible for all future obligations.
El asignado del contrato es responsable de todas las obligaciones futuras.
C1 adjective, verb /ˈeɪlɪŋ/

ailing

enfermo
Meaning
suffering from illness or poor health; experiencing problems or decline
Example
The ailing patient slowly began to recover after treatment.
El paciente enfermo comenzó a recuperarse lentamente después del tratamiento.
C1 noun /əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃən/

alliteration

aliteración
Meaning
the occurrence of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in close succession
Example
She used alliteration in her poem to add musicality.
Ella usó aliteración en su poema para agregar musicalidad.
C1 noun /əˈpærəl/

apparel

ropa
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or special clothes.
Example
The store specializes in wedding apparel.
La tienda se especializa en ropa de boda.
C1 noun /əˈrɪs.tə.kræt/

Aristocrat

aristócrata; persona de nobleza
Meaning
a member of the aristocracy; a person of noble rank or birth
Example
The aristocrat lived in a magnificent castle.
El aristócrata vivía en un castillo magnífico.
C1 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/

analgesic

analgésico
Meaning
A drug or substance that relieves pain.
Example
She took an analgesic to ease her headache.
Ella tomó un analgésico para aliviar su dolor de cabeza.
C1 noun /əˈstrɑː.lə.dʒər/

Astrologer

astrólogo
Meaning
a person who studies astrology and makes predictions based on the positions of stars and planets
Example
The astrologer predicted good fortune in her future.
El astrólogo predijo buena suerte en su futuro.
C1 adjective /əˈnɒmələs/

anomalous

anómalo
Meaning
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
Example
Scientists observed an anomalous result during the experiment.
Los científicos observaron un resultado anómalo durante el experimento.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk/

atheistic

ateísta
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of atheists or atheism.
Example
She grew up in an atheistic household with no religious rituals.
Ella creció en un hogar ateo sin rituales religiosos.
C1 noun /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

amplification

amplificación
Meaning
the act or process of making something stronger, louder, or more intense; an expansion or elaboration of details
Example
The microphone provides amplification of the speaker’s voice.
El micrófono proporciona amplificación de la voz del orador.
C1 noun /ˈænti ˈeəkræft ɡʌn/

Anti-aircraft-gun

cañón antiaéreo
Meaning
a weapon designed to attack aircraft from the ground
Example
The anti-aircraft gun was positioned to defend the military base.
El cañón antiaéreo estaba posicionado para defender la base militar.
C1 noun /əˈbɪs/

abyss

abismo
Meaning
a deep, immeasurable space, chasm, or void; something seemingly without end
Example
The climbers looked down into the dark abyss below.
Los escaladores miraron hacia abajo en el oscuro abismo.
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

antigüedad
Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
Las ruinas son un recordatorio de la antigüedad de la ciudad.
C1 noun æmˈbɪvələns

ambivalence

ambivalencia
Meaning
Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something; uncertainty or confusion.
Example
She felt ambivalence about taking the job offer.
Ella sintió ambivalencia al aceptar la oferta de trabajo.
C1 noun /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniːz/

aborigines

aborígenes
Meaning
The original inhabitants of a land, especially in Australia.
Example
The aborigines have preserved their traditions for thousands of years.
Los aborígenes han preservado sus tradiciones durante miles de años.
C1 noun əˌkred.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

accreditation

acreditación
Meaning
The action or process of officially recognizing someone or something as having a particular status or being qualified to perform a particular activity.
Example
Accreditation ensures institutional credibility.
La acreditación asegura la credibilidad institucional.
C1 noun /əˈluːʒən/

allusion

alusió
Meaning
An indirect reference to something without mentioning it explicitly.
Example
Her story contained an allusion to a famous myth.
Su historia contenía una alusión a un mito famoso.
C1 noun /ˈælɪbaɪ/

alibi

coartada
Meaning
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a crime, was committed.
Example
She had a strong alibi that proved she was at the cinema during the theft.
Ella tenía una coartada sólida que demostró que estaba en el cine durante el robo.
C1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒɪst/

apologist

defensor
Meaning
a person who defends or justifies something, often a controversial belief or institution
Example
He is known as an apologist for authoritarian regimes.
Él es conocido como un defensor de los regímenes autoritarios.
C1 noun /ˈɔːnɪŋ/

awning

toldo
Meaning
a sheet of canvas or material stretched on a frame to shelter a place from the sun or rain
Example
We sat under the awning to avoid the heavy rain.
Nos sentamos debajo del toldo para evitar la lluvia intensa.
C1 adjective /ˈæmərəs/

amorous

amoroso
Meaning
Showing, feeling, or relating to romantic love or desire.
Example
He sent her an amorous letter filled with declarations of love.
Él le envió una carta amorosa llena de declaraciones de amor.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.sən.əl/

arsenal

arsenal
Meaning
A collection or storage place for weapons and military equipment.
Example
The army kept its weapons in a secure arsenal.
El ejército mantuvo sus armas en un arsenal seguro.
C1 adjective /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

abiding

perpetuo
Meaning
lasting for a long time; enduring
Example
She had an abiding love for her hometown.
Ella tenía un amor perpetuo por su ciudad natal.
C1 verb /əˈpɛnd/

append

agregar
Meaning
to add something as an attachment or supplement, usually at the end of a document or list
Example
She decided to append a note to the end of the report.
Ella decidió agregar una nota al final del informe.
C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

en el aire
Meaning
Up in or into the air; overhead.
Example
The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.
La cometa volaba alto en el cielo claro.
C1 noun /ˈælkoʊv/

alcove

rinconcito
Meaning
A small recessed section of a room or a nook.
Example
She placed a reading chair in the alcove near the window.
Ella colocó una silla de lectura en el rincón cerca de la ventana.
C1 noun /ˌæktʃuˈæləti/

actuality

actualidad
Meaning
The state of existing in reality rather than in appearance or imagination.
Example
The movie was based on historical actuality.
La película estaba basada en la actualidad histórica.
C1 noun /əˈkwɪtl/

acquittal

absolucion
Meaning
a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged
Example
The acquittal of the accused shocked the public.
La absolucion del acusado sorprendio al publico.
C1 adjective /ˈeɪmləs/

Aimless

sin rumbo; sin objetivo
Meaning
without purpose or direction; lacking a goal
Example
He wandered around the city in an aimless manner.
Él caminaba por la ciudad de manera sin rumbo.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

ardiente; entusiasta; fervoroso
Meaning
very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent
Example
She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
Ella es una ferviente defensora de la conservación ambiental.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

castaño rojizo
Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
Ella tiene el cabello largo y castaño rojizo que brilla al sol.
C1 verb /ˈæɡənaɪz/

agonize

agonizar
Meaning
To suffer extreme physical or mental pain; to spend time worrying.
Example
She agonized for days over whether she had made the right decision.
Ella agonizó durante días sobre si había tomado la decisión correcta.
C1 noun /əˈvɜːrʒən/

aversion

aversión
Meaning
a strong feeling of dislike or unwillingness towards something
Example
She has a strong aversion to smoking.
Ella tiene una fuerte aversión al fumar.
C1 verb /əˈbɔːrt/

abort

abortar; cancelar
Meaning
to stop a process or action before it is completed; to end a pregnancy deliberately
Example
The pilot decided to abort the mission due to bad weather.
El piloto decidió abortar la misión por el mal tiempo.
C1 verb /əˈbriːvieɪt/

abbreviate

abreviar
Meaning
To shorten a word, phrase, or text by leaving out letters or parts.
Example
We often abbreviate 'Doctor' to 'Dr'.
A menudo abreviamos 'Doctor' a 'Dr'.
C1 noun /əˈfɪn.ɪ.ti/

affinity

afinidad
Meaning
A natural liking for or attraction to a person, thing, idea, etc.
Example
She has an affinity for classical music.
Ella tiene una afinidad por la música clásica.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈsleɪvəri/

antislavery

antiesclavismo
Meaning
Opposed to the practice or system of slavery.
Example
The antislavery movement gained momentum in the 19th century.
El movimiento antiesclavista cobró impulso en el siglo XIX.
C1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.moʊ.ni/

alimony

pensión alimenticia
Meaning
financial support that a person is ordered by a court to give to their spouse after separation or divorce
Example
He was ordered by the court to pay monthly alimony to his ex-wife.
El tribunal le ordenó pagar una pensión mensual a su exesposa.
C1 noun /əˈseɪlənt/

assailant

agresor
Meaning
a person who attacks another
Example
The police arrested the assailant at the scene.
La policía arrestó al agresor en el lugar del crimen.
C1 adjective ˈeɪlɪəneɪtɪd

alienated

alienado
Meaning
Feeling isolated or estranged; disconnected from others or society.
Example
Alienated students are more prone to delinquency.
Los estudiantes alienados son más propensos a la delincuencia.
C1 noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/

antecedent

antecedente
Meaning
something that came before; a previous event, condition, or cause
Example
The cultural antecedents of this festival go back centuries.
Los antecedentes culturales de este festival datan de siglos atrás.
C1 noun əˈɡrɛriən səˈsaɪətiz

agrarian societies

sociedades agrarias
Meaning
Societies based on agriculture and farming as the primary economic activity.
Example
Agrarian societies emerged from a need for stable food sources.
Las sociedades agrarias surgieron por la necesidad de fuentes estables de alimentos.
C1 adjective /ɔːˌθɒr.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/

authoritarian

autoritario
Meaning
Demanding absolute obedience to authority; excessively controlling or strict in governance.
Example
Authoritarian parenting often limits a child's independence.
La crianza autoritaria a menudo limita la independencia de un niño.
C1 adjective /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl/

aboriginal

aborigen
Meaning
Relating to the original inhabitants of a region.
Example
The museum has a large collection of aboriginal art.
El museo tiene una gran colección de arte aborigen.
C1 adjective /ˈæʃən/

ashen

pálido
Meaning
Very pale in appearance, often due to shock, fear, or illness.
Example
His face turned ashen when he heard the terrible news.
Su rostro se volvió pálido cuando escuchó la terrible noticia.
C1 noun /ˈæmnəsti/

amnesty

amnistía
Meaning
An official pardon granted to people who have been convicted of political offenses.
Example
The government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.
El gobierno anunció una amnistía para todos los prisioneros políticos.
C1 adjective /ˌæprɪˈhɛnsɪv/

apprehensive

ansioso
Meaning
feeling anxious or fearful that something bad will happen
Example
He was apprehensive about starting a new job in a foreign country.
Estaba ansioso por comenzar un nuevo trabajo en un país extranjero.
C1 adverb /əˈfrɛʃ/

afresh

de nuevo
Meaning
From the beginning, in a new way.
Example
After the failure, they started the project afresh.
Después del fracaso, comenzaron el proyecto de nuevo.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

prenatal
Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
Ella asistió a chequeos prenatales regulares durante su embarazo.
C1 noun /ədˈhɪə.rəns/

adherence

cumplimiento
Meaning
The practice of following or keeping to a rule, standard, or belief.
Example
Adherence to rules is crucial in any organization.
El cumplimiento de las reglas es crucial en cualquier organización.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.kər.ɪdʒ/

acreage

hectárea
Meaning
An area of land measured in acres.
Example
The farmer owns a large acreage of fertile land.
El agricultor posee una gran hectárea de tierra fértil.
C1 verb /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

abdicate

abdicar
Meaning
To give up a position of power or responsibility, especially a throne.
Example
The king decided to abdicate the throne.
El rey decidió abdicar del trono.