Vocabulary Cards
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C1 noun
citadel
Zitadelle
Meaning
A fortress protecting or dominating a city.
Example
The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.
C1 noun
citation
Zitation
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
B2 verb
cite
zitieren
Meaning
to quote; to mention as an example or proof
Example
The lawyer cites relevant case law.
B1 noun
citizen
Bürger
Meaning
a legally recognized subject or national of a state
Example
Every citizen has the right to vote.
B1 noun
citizens
Bürger
Meaning
A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.
Example
Citizens must follow pollution regulations.
B1 noun
citizenship
Staatsbürgerschaft
Meaning
the status of being a recognized member of a state or country, with rights and duties
Example
He applied for American citizenship after living there for ten years.
C1 noun
Citric Acid
Zitronensäure
Meaning
a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent
Example
Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.
A1 noun
city
Stadt
Meaning
a large town or an urban area with its own government
Example
Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.
B2 adjective
civic
zivil
Meaning
relating to a city, town, or the duties of its citizens
Example
The mayor encouraged people to take part in civic activities.
C1 noun
civics
Politische Bildung
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
B1 adjective
civil
zivil
Meaning
Relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, or being polite and courteous.
Example
They settled the matter through civil discussion.
B2 noun/adjective
civilian
Zivilist
Meaning
a person not in the armed forces or police
Example
The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.
C1 noun
civility
Zivilität
Meaning
Polite and courteous behavior.
Example
He treated his opponent with civility despite their differences.
B1 noun
civilization
Zivilisation
Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
B1 noun
civilizations
Zivilisationen
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
C1 verb
civilize
zivilisieren
Meaning
to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior
Example
Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.
C1 adjective
clad
bekleidet / bedeckt
Meaning
dressed or covered in a particular way
Example
The knight was clad in shining armor.
B1 verb
claim
beanspruchen
Meaning
to assert ownership; to state as fact
Example
He claims to be the rightful owner.
C1 noun
claimant
Kläger
Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
B1 verb
claims
Leben fordern
Meaning
To take someone's life, to cause death
Example
Workplace pollution claims thousands of lives annually.
C2 noun
clairvoyance
Hellsehen
Meaning
the supposed ability to perceive events beyond normal sensory contact; psychic insight
Example
She claimed to have clairvoyance and predicted the future.
C2 noun, adjective
clairvoyant
Hellseher/Hellseherin
Meaning
a person who claims to have clairvoyance; having the ability to see beyond normal senses
Example
The clairvoyant predicted that she would travel abroad soon.
C1 verb
clamber
mit Mühe klettern
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
C1 noun
clamor
Lärm
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.