stricture
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C2 noun /ˈstrɪk.tʃər/

stricture

Einschränkung, Kritik
Meaning
a restriction or limitation; a critical remark
Example
The new law placed a severe stricture on free speech.
Das neue Gesetz verhängte eine schwere Einschränkung der freien Rede.
B1 verb səˈpɔːrtɪŋ

supporting

unterstützen
Meaning
Giving assistance to; helping to bear the weight of something.
Example
Supporting education initiatives helps reduce child labour.
Die Unterstützung von Bildungsinitiativen hilft, Kinderarbeit zu verringern.
C1 adjective /ˈstætʃətɔːri/

statutory

gesetzlich
Meaning
Required, permitted, or enacted by law.
Example
The company must comply with all statutory regulations.
Das Unternehmen muss alle gesetzlichen Vorschriften einhalten.
A2 adjective /skɛrd/

scared

ängstlich
Meaning
feeling afraid or worried
Example
She was scared of the dark.
Sie hatte Angst vor der Dunkelheit.
C2 noun /ˈsɪnjuː/

sinew

sehne
Meaning
A tendon; figuratively, the source of strength, power, or resilience.
Example
The sinews in his arms stood out as he lifted the heavy box.
Die Sehnen in seinen Armen traten hervor, als er die schwere Kiste hob.
B1 verb /ʃuːt/

shoot

schießen / ein Foto machen
Meaning
to fire a bullet or arrow from a weapon; to take a photograph or film
Example
He learned how to shoot a bow and arrow.
Er hat gelernt, wie man mit einem Bogen und Pfeil schießt.
B1 verb /skɪp/

skip

überspringen
Meaning
to omit or pass over something; to move lightly or quickly
Example
He decided to skip breakfast and go straight to work.
Er entschied sich, das Frühstück zu überspringen und direkt zur Arbeit zu gehen.
B2 noun /ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti/

sexuality

Sexualität
Meaning
a person's capacity for sexual feelings and orientation
Example
She spoke openly about her sexuality and identity.
Sie sprach offen über ihre Sexualität und Identität.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛnd/

superintend

überwachen
Meaning
to oversee and direct the work or operation of something
Example
She was hired to superintend the construction project.
Sie wurde eingestellt, um das Bauprojekt zu überwachen.
B2 noun /ˈʃʌv.əl/

Shovel

Schaufel
Meaning
a tool with a broad flat blade and long handle used for digging and moving earth, snow, or other materials
Example
He grabbed a shovel to clear the snow from the driveway.
Er nahm eine Schaufel, um den Schnee von der Auffahrt zu räumen.
C2 noun /sælv/

salve

Salbe
Meaning
An ointment used to promote healing of the skin or as protection.
Example
She applied a salve to the burn on her hand.
Sie trug eine Salbe auf die Verbrennung an ihrer Hand auf.
C2 adjective /svelt/

svelte

schlank
Meaning
Attractively thin, graceful, and elegant in appearance or movement.
Example
She looked svelte in the elegant black dress.
Sie sah in dem eleganten schwarzen Kleid schlank aus.
C2 noun /ˈseɪ.ɡoʊ/

Sago

sago
Meaning
starchy foodstuff obtained from the pith of various tropical palm stems
Example
She prepared sago pudding for dessert.
Sie bereitete Sago-Pudding zum Nachtisch zu.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

zerreißen
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Sie hat die alten Dokumente vor dem Wegwerfen zerkleinert.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

nachhaltige Praktiken
Meaning
Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
Example
Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.
Nachhaltige Praktiken sind entscheidend für den Umweltschutz.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒndər/

squander

verschleudern
Meaning
to waste money, time, or opportunities in a careless way
Example
He squandered his inheritance on gambling.
Er hat sein Erbe beim Glücksspiel verschwendet.
B1 adjective /ˈskɪlfʊl/

Skilful

geschickt; fähig; kompetent
Meaning
having or showing skill; expert and accomplished
Example
The skilful surgeon performed the operation with great precision.
Der geschickte Chirurg führte die Operation mit großer Präzision durch.
B2 verb /ˈstrɛŋkθən/

strengthen

verstärken
Meaning
To make or become stronger.
Example
Communication can strengthen bonds between people.
Kommunikation kann die Bindungen zwischen Menschen stärken.
C2 noun /ˈsætər/

satyr

Glück
Meaning
a creature from Greek mythology depicted as a lustful being, often half-man and half-goat; by extension, a lecherous man
Example
In the museum mural, a satyr plays the panpipes while dancing in the woods.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 verb /ˈskævɪndʒ/

scavenge

im Müll nach etwas suchen
Meaning
to search through waste or discarded material to find useful items
Example
The children scavenged for food in the garbage dump.
Die Kinder durchsuchten den Müll nach Essen.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrdʒ/

surcharge

Zuschlag
Meaning
an additional charge or payment added to the usual cost
Example
The airline ticket had a fuel surcharge added to it.
Das Flugticket hatte einen Treibstoffzuschlag.
B2 noun/verb /skɔːrn/

scorn

Verachtung
Meaning
the feeling or expression of contempt or disdain; to treat with contempt
Example
She looked at him with open scorn.
Sie sah ihn mit offenem Verachtung an.
B2 noun, verb /steɪk/

stake

Beteiligung, Risiko
Meaning
A share or interest in a business or venture; to risk or support something of value.
Example
He has a major stake in the new company.
Er hat einen großen Anteil an der neuen Firma.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvaɪl/ or /ˈsɜːrvəl/

servile

unterwürfig
Meaning
having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others
Example
His servile attitude annoyed his colleagues.
Seine unterwürfige Haltung nervte seine Kollegen.
B2 adjective səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl

sustainable

nachhaltig
Meaning
Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level; conserving an ecological balance.
Example
Sustainable practices mitigate environmental impact.
Nachhaltige Praktiken verringern die Umweltbelastung.
B1 adverb /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/

significantly

signifikant
Meaning
in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect
Example
The economy has significantly improved over the last decade.
Die Wirtschaft hat sich in den letzten zehn Jahren signifikant verbessert.
C2 noun /ˈseɪnjər/

seignior

Feudalherr
Meaning
A feudal lord; a man of authority in medieval Europe.
Example
The seignior demanded taxes from the peasants.
Der Feudalherr verlangte Steuern von den Bauern.
C2 adjective /sɪˈnæp.tɪk/

synaptic

synaptisch
Meaning
Related to the signal transmission process between nerve cells.
Example
Learning strengthens synaptic connections in the brain.
Lernen stärkt die synaptischen Verbindungen im Gehirn.
B2 noun /ˈsuː.ɪ.saɪd/

Suicide

selbstmord
Meaning
the act of intentionally killing oneself
Example
Mental health professionals work to prevent suicide.
Psychische Gesundheitsfachkräfte arbeiten daran, Selbstmord zu verhindern.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

unterirdisch
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
Unterirdische Wasserquellen helfen, die Landwirtschaft zu unterstützen.
A1 noun /ˈsʌmər/

summer

Sommer
Meaning
the warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn
Example
We love going to the beach during summer.
Wir lieben es, im Sommer zum Strand zu gehen.
B2 adjective /ˈskɛptɪkəl/

skeptical

skeptisch
Meaning
not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations
Example
She was skeptical about the new plan.
Sie war skeptisch gegenüber dem neuen Plan.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

blockieren
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
Der Zeuge versuchte, während der Untersuchung zu stonewallen.
B2 adjective /slaɪ/

sly

listig / schlau
Meaning
Clever in a deceitful or cunning way.
Example
She gave him a sly smile.
Sie schenkte ihm ein listiges Lächeln.
C2 noun /stɒˈkeɪd/

stockade

Holzwand
Meaning
a defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers, often around a fort or prison
Example
The prisoners were kept inside the wooden stockade.
Die Gefangenen wurden in der Holzwand eingesperrt.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪr.i.əl/

Serial

seriell; aufeinanderfolgend
Meaning
happening in a series; consecutive; arranged in order
Example
The serial killer was finally caught after years of investigation.
Der Serienmörder wurde nach Jahren der Ermittlungen endlich gefasst.
A2 noun /ʃiːp/

sheep

Schaf
Meaning
a farm animal with thick wool that is raised for its wool, meat, and milk
Example
The farmer keeps a large flock of sheep.
Der Bauer hält eine große Herde Schafe.
B2 verb /skriːtʃ/

screech

ein schrilles Geräusch machen
Meaning
to make a loud, high-pitched and unpleasant sound
Example
The car screeched to a halt.
Das Auto schrillte und hielt abrupt an.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

Pattstellung
Meaning
A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.
Example
Negotiations ended in a stalemate.
Die Verhandlungen endeten in einer Pattstellung.
C2 verb /sleɪk/

slake

Durst löschen
Meaning
To satisfy thirst or desire.
Example
She drank cold water to slake her thirst.
Sie trank kaltes Wasser, um ihren Durst zu stillen.
C2 noun /sfɛˈrɪsɪti/

sphericity

Sphärizität
Meaning
The quality or state of being spherical; roundness.
Example
The sphericity of the ball made it roll smoothly on the ground.
Die Sphärizität des Balls ließ ihn glatt auf dem Boden rollen.
C2 noun /sfɪˈrɒmɪtər/

spherometer

Sphärometer
Meaning
An instrument used for measuring the curvature of spherical surfaces.
Example
The scientist used a spherometer to measure the lens curvature.
Der Wissenschaftler verwendete ein Sphärometer, um die Krümmung der Linse zu messen.
C1 adjective /səˈdɪs.tɪk/

sadistic

sadistisch
Meaning
Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.
Example
The villain had a sadistic smile while hurting his enemies.
Der Bösewicht hatte ein sadistisches Lächeln, als er seinen Feinden Schaden zufügte.
B1 noun /ˈsʌb.mə.riːn/

Sub-marine

U-Boot
Meaning
a warship with a streamlined hull designed to operate completely submerged in the sea
Example
The submarine dived deep into the ocean to avoid detection.
Das U-Boot tauchte tief in den Ozean, um der Entdeckung zu entgehen.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃuːt/

statute

Gesetz
Meaning
A written law passed by a legislative body.
Example
The new statute protects workers' rights.
Das neue Gesetz schützt die Rechte der Arbeiter.
C2 adjective /ˈsɑːdn/

sodden

durchnässt
Meaning
thoroughly soaked or saturated with liquid
Example
His clothes were sodden after the heavy rain.
Seine Kleidung war nach dem starken Regen durchnässt.
C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

vereinfachen oder Effizienz steigern
Meaning
To make a process simpler and more efficient.
Example
The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.
Das Unternehmen hat das Ziel, die Produktion zu optimieren, um die Kosten zu senken.
A2 noun /ʃɔːrts/

shorts

kurze Hose
Meaning
a short garment worn on the lower half of the body that covers each leg separately, usually above the knees.
Example
He wore a pair of blue shorts to the beach.
Er trug ein Paar blaue Shorts am Strand.
B1 adjective /ˈsplendɪd/

Splendid

prächtig; ausgezeichnet; sehr beeindruckend
Meaning
magnificent; excellent; very impressive
Example
The castle looked splendid in the sunset.
Das Schloss sah beim Sonnenuntergang prächtig aus.
A1 noun /sʌn/

Sun

Sonne
Meaning
the star around which the earth orbits; the source of light and heat for planets
Example
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Die Sonne geht im Osten auf und geht im Westen unter.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

stereotyp
Meaning
Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.
Example
His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.
Seine stereotypen Witze konnten das Publikum nicht beeindrucken.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊ.vi.ət/

soviet

sowjetisch
Meaning
relating to the Soviet Union or its government
Example
The Soviet era saw significant changes in Eastern Europe.
Die sowjetische Ära erlebte bedeutende Veränderungen in Osteuropa.
C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

Schiefer
Meaning
a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers
Example
The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.
Die Region ist reich an Schiefer und natürlichen Gasvorkommen.
C2 adjective /spæzˈmɒdɪk/

spasmodic

krampfartig
Meaning
occurring irregularly or in sudden bursts
Example
The patient experienced spasmodic coughing during the night.
Der Patient hatte während der Nacht krampfartige Hustenanfälle.
C2 verb /ˈstræɡəl/

straggle

sich unregelmäßig bewegen
Meaning
To move or spread in an irregular, scattered, or untidy way.
Example
The children began to straggle behind on the long hike.
Die Kinder fingen an, hinter dem langen Marsch zurückzufallen.
C1 verb /sluː/

slew

plötzlich abbiegen
Meaning
To turn or slide violently in a particular direction.
Example
The car slewed across the icy road.
Das Auto schlidderte über die vereiste Straße.
B2 verb /skwiːz/

squeeze

drücken
Meaning
to press something firmly, especially from all sides in order to extract or compress it
Example
She squeezed the toothpaste to get the last bit.
Sie drückte die Zahnpastatube, um das letzte Stück herauszubekommen.
B2 adjective /ˈsɒl.ɪ.ter.i/

Solitary

einsam; isoliert; allein
Meaning
alone; without companions; single; isolated
Example
He lived a solitary life in the mountains.
Er lebte ein einsames Leben in den Bergen.
A1 noun /ˈsekənd/

second

Sekunde
Meaning
a unit of time equal to one sixtieth of a minute; also the position after first
Example
He finished the race in second place.
Er beendete das Rennen auf dem zweiten Platz.
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

Savanne (mit verstreuten Bäumen)
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
Giraffen grasten an Akazienbäumen über die weite Savanne.
B2 verb /səˈrɛndər/

surrender

sich ergeben
Meaning
to give up or yield to an opponent or authority
Example
The army finally surrendered after weeks of fighting.
Die Armee ergab sich schließlich nach Wochen des Kampfes.
B2 noun /ˈsʌ.plɪ.mənt/

Supplement

Ergänzung
Meaning
something that completes or adds to something else; a dietary product
Example
She takes vitamin supplements to maintain her health.
Sie nimmt Vitaminpräparate, um ihre Gesundheit zu erhalten.
C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

schleudern, werfen
Meaning
to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly
Example
He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.
Er warf seine Tasche über seine Schulter, bevor er ging.
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

unterhalb der Schwelle des Bewusstseins existierend oder wirkend, vom Geist einer Person wahrgenommen oder beeinflussend, ohne dass sie sich dessen bewusst ist
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
Werbung enthält oft subliminale Botschaften.
C2 noun /ˈsɛm.ɪ.nɛr.i/

seminary

Seminar
Meaning
A school or college for training priests, ministers, or rabbis.
Example
He decided to enroll in a seminary to study theology.
Er entschied sich, sich in einem Seminar einzuschreiben, um Theologie zu studieren.
B2 adjective /ˈstɑː.ri/

Starry

sternenübersät; leuchtend;
Meaning
full of stars; shining like stars; relating to stars
Example
We enjoyed the starry night sky while camping in the mountains.
Wir genossen den sternenübersäten Nachthimmel, während wir in den Bergen zelteten.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪ.biːz/

Scabies

Krätze
Meaning
a contagious skin disease caused by mites that causes intense itching
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with scabies after examining the rash.
Der Arzt diagnostizierte bei ihm Krätze nach der Untersuchung des Ausschlags.
B2 adverb /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/

subsequently

anschließend
Meaning
at a later time; afterward
Example
He failed his exam and subsequently had to retake it.
Er hat seine Prüfung nicht bestanden und musste sie anschließend wiederholen.
B2 noun /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/

shooting

Dreh
Meaning
the action of shooting a gun, camera, or similar device
Example
The shooting of the movie took several months.
Der Dreh des Films dauerte mehrere Monate.
C1 noun /səˈbætɪkəl/

sabbatical

Urlaubszeit für Studium oder Reise
Meaning
A period of paid leave granted to a teacher or worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.
Example
She took a sabbatical to research her new book.
Sie nahm ein Sabbatical, um ihr neues Buch zu erforschen.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs kwoʊ/

status quo

Status quo
Meaning
The existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues.
Example
The government decided to maintain the status quo until further review.
Die Regierung entschied, den Status quo bis zur weiteren Überprüfung beizubehalten.
A2 noun /staɪl/

Style

Stil
Meaning
a particular way of doing something; a distinctive appearance or manner of expression
Example
She has her own unique style of writing that captivates readers.
Sie hat ihren eigenen einzigartigen Schreibstil, der die Leser fesselt.
B1 noun /swɒn/

Swan

schwan
Meaning
a large waterbird with a long curved neck and usually white plumage
Example
The elegant swan glided silently across the water.
Der elegante Schwan glitt lautlos über das Wasser.
A2 adjective /ˈsɛvənθ/

seventh

siebte
Meaning
constituting number seven in a sequence; coming after the sixth
Example
Her birthday is on the seventh of July.
Ihr Geburtstag ist am siebten Juli.
C2 noun /sɪˈkwiːlə/

sequela

Folgeerscheinung
Meaning
A condition that is the consequence of a previous disease or injury.
Example
Lung scarring can be a sequela of severe pneumonia.
Lungenschäden können eine Folgeerscheinung einer schweren Lungenentzündung sein.
B2 adverb /ˈstrɪktli/

strictly

streng
Meaning
in a way that follows rules or limits completely
Example
Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the building.
Rauchen ist im Gebäude streng verboten.
B1 noun/verb /skeɪl/

scale

Skala / Größe anpassen
Meaning
A system of ordered marks used for measurement; also means to climb or to adjust in size.
Example
The company plans to scale its operations globally.
Das Unternehmen plant, seine Operationen global zu skalieren.
B2 verb /straɪd/

stride

mit langen, entschlossenen Schritten gehen; Fortschritte machen
Meaning
to walk with long, decisive steps; to make progress
Example
She strode confidently across the stage.
Sie ging mit Zuversicht über die Bühne.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

safran
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
Der Safran-Stoff sah im Sonnenlicht wunderschön aus.
A2 noun /ˈsɪŋ.ər/

Singer

Sänger
Meaning
a person who sings, especially as a job or profession
Example
The singer performed beautifully at the concert last night.
Der Sänger hat gestern Abend eine wunderschöne Darbietung beim Konzert gemacht.
A2 adjective /ˈsuːpər/

super

super
Meaning
excellent; very good
Example
She did a super job on the project.
Sie hat einen super Job im Projekt gemacht.
C2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndəns/

superintendence

aufsicht
Meaning
the act of overseeing, supervising, or managing
Example
The superintendence of the school is the principal’s duty.
Die Aufsicht der Schule ist die Pflicht des Direktors.
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

stumpf und dick
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
Der stumpy kleine Hund wedelte begeistert mit dem Schwanz.
B2 noun /ˈsikwəns/

Sequence

sequenz
Meaning
a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other; a set of related events, movements, or things that follow each other in a particular order
Example
The dance sequence was perfectly choreographed.
Die Tanzsequenz war perfekt choreografiert.
A2 noun /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/

Situation

Situation; Stand der Dinge
Meaning
a set of circumstances in which one finds oneself; a state of affairs
Example
We need to assess the current situation before making any decisions.
Wir müssen die aktuelle Situation bewerten, bevor wir Entscheidungen treffen.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈstændɪŋ/

standing

Position / Ansehen
Meaning
status, reputation, or position; also the act of being upright on the feet
Example
He has high standing in the community for his charity work.
Er hat in der Gemeinschaft einen hohen Ruf wegen seiner Wohltätigkeitsarbeit.
B2 noun /ˈsɑːrˌkæzəm/

sarcasm

sarkasmus
Meaning
The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
Example
His sarcasm often made people laugh but sometimes offended them.
Sein Sarkasmus ließ die Leute oft lachen, aber manchmal beleidigte er sie.
C1 verb /strʌt/

strut

stolz gehen
Meaning
to walk with a stiff, proud, and confident gait, often to show off
Example
He strutted across the stage after winning the award.
Er lief stolz über die Bühne, nachdem er den Preis gewonnen hatte.
C2 noun /staɪn/

stein

Bierkrug
Meaning
A large beer mug, typically made of glass or stoneware.
Example
He raised his stein to toast his friends.
Er hob seinen stein, um auf seine Freunde anzustoßen.
A2 noun /ˈsɪstəm/

system

System
Meaning
a set of connected parts forming a complex whole; an organized method
Example
The education system needs major reforms.
Das Bildungssystem benötigt große Reformen.
A2 noun /sænd/

sand

Glück
Meaning
Small loose grains of crushed rock, found on beaches and deserts.
Example
Children built castles out of sand on the beach.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C2 adjective /ˈsmɑːrmi/

smarmy

schmeichelhaft / falsche Höflichkeit
Meaning
Excessively flattering or ingratiating, often insincerely.
Example
The salesman gave a smarmy pitch that felt fake.
Der Verkäufer hielt eine schmeichelhafte Rede, die unecht wirkte.
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

Skeptiker
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
Der Wissenschaftler war ein Skeptiker von Theorien ohne solide Beweise.
B2 noun /stɔːrk/

Stork

Storch
Meaning
large wading bird with long legs and a long neck
Example
The stork built its nest on top of the tall chimney.
Der Storch baute sein Nest auf dem hohen Kamin.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

geizig
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
Er ist zu geizig, um ein Geschenk für seinen Freund zu kaufen.
B2 noun /ˈsæksəfoʊn/

Saxophone

Saxophon
Meaning
a wind musical instrument with a curved metal body and a single reed mouthpiece
Example
The jazz musician played a beautiful solo on his saxophone.
Der Jazzmusiker spielte ein wunderschönes Solo auf seinem Saxophon.
C1 noun /ˈstɪm.jʊ.laɪ/

stimuli

Stimulus
Meaning
Things that create reactions or provide motivation.
Example
Bright light and loud sounds are common stimuli for alertness.
Helles Licht und laute Geräusche sind häufige Stimuli für Wachsamkeit.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌdən/

Sudden

plötzlich; abrupt; unerwartet;
Meaning
happening or done quickly and unexpectedly; abrupt
Example
There was a sudden change in the weather.
Es gab eine plötzliche Veränderung im Wetter.
B1 adjective /ˈsekənderi/

secondary

sekundär
Meaning
Less important than something else; derived from or dependent on something primary.
Example
Safety is our primary concern, while speed is only secondary.
Sicherheit ist unsere Hauptsorge, während Geschwindigkeit nur sekundär ist.
B2 noun /səkˈses.ər/

Successor

Nachfolger
Meaning
a person who succeeds another in office; someone who takes over a position or role
Example
The CEO announced his retirement and named his successor for the company.
Der CEO kündigte seinen Ruhestand an und nannte seinen Nachfolger für das Unternehmen.
C2 noun /sɪˈrɒkoʊ/

sirocco

heiße, trockene Wind
Meaning
A hot, dry wind blowing from North Africa across the Mediterranean to southern Europe.
Example
The sirocco made the city unbearably hot and dusty.
Der Sirocco machte die Stadt unerträglich heiß und staubig.
A2 adjective /ˈsaɪ.lənt/

Silent

stumm; ruhig; still
Meaning
making no sound; quiet; not speaking
Example
The library was completely silent during study hours.
Die Bibliothek war während der Studienzeit völlig still.
B2 noun /ˈsætaɪər/

satire

Satire
Meaning
The use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize people's stupidity or vices.
Example
The play was a brilliant satire on modern politics.
Das Stück war eine brillante Satire auf die moderne Politik.
B2 noun /ˈsikwəl/

Sequel

Fortsetzung
Meaning
a published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story or develops the theme of an earlier one; something that takes place after or as a result of an earlier event
Example
The movie sequel was even more successful than the original.
Die Fortsetzung des Films war noch erfolgreicher als das Original.
B1 noun /ˈsæm.ən/

salmon

Lachs
Meaning
A large fish with pink flesh, often eaten as food.
Example
They served grilled salmon for dinner.
Sie servierten gegrillten Lachs zum Abendessen.
C1 adjective /ˌsæŋktɪˈmoʊniəs/

sanctimonious

heuchlerisch fromm
Meaning
Making a show of being morally superior to others; hypocritically pious.
Example
He gave a sanctimonious speech about honesty while he himself was corrupt.
Er hielt eine heuchlerische Rede über Ehrlichkeit, während er selbst korrupt war.
A2 verb /səˈdʒɛst/

suggest

vorschlagen
Meaning
to put forward an idea, plan, or recommendation for consideration
Example
He suggested going to the new restaurant for dinner.
Er schlug vor, ins neue Restaurant zum Abendessen zu gehen.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

unterwürfig
Meaning
prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else
Example
She was too subservient to challenge his decision.
Sie war zu unterwürfig, um seine Entscheidung in Frage zu stellen.
B2 noun /ˈspəʊkswɪmən/

spokeswoman

sprecherin frau
Meaning
a woman who speaks on behalf of a group or organization
Example
The spokeswoman for the company announced the new product.
Die sprecherin des unternehmens kündigte das neue produkt an.
C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

Soliloquium
Meaning
a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts
Example
Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.
Hamlets Soliloquium ist eine der bekanntesten Passagen im Shakespeare-Drama.
B2 noun /ˈsʌm.ɪt/

summit

Gipfel
Meaning
A high-level meeting between leaders, especially of governments; a conference.
Example
The summit addressed pressing global issues.
Der Gipfel behandelte dringende globale Themen.
C2 noun /səˈvɑːnt/

savant

Meaning
a learned person, especially a distinguished scientist or scholar; sometimes used in the phrase ‘savant syndrome’ for someone with exceptional abilities alongside developmental differences
Example
The conference keynote was delivered by a linguistic savant who studies endangered languages.
A1 verb /sɪŋ/

sing

singen
Meaning
to make musical sounds with the voice
Example
She sings beautifully in the choir.
sie singt wunderschön im Chor
C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

arrogant
Meaning
having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others
Example
She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.
Sie schien arrogant, weil sie es vermied, mit den Kellnern zu sprechen.
C2 noun /sʌbˈɔːl.tən/

subaltern

eine Person in einer untergeordneten Position; im Militär ein Unteroffizier
Meaning
A person holding a subordinate position; in the military, a junior officer.
Example
The subaltern was responsible for leading a small platoon of soldiers.
Der Subaltern war verantwortlich für die Führung eines kleinen Trupps von Soldaten.
A2 noun /ˈsɛlər/

seller

Glück
Meaning
a person who sells something
Example
The seller offered a discount on bulk purchases.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
B2 noun /ˈsæŋk.tʃuˌɛr.i/

sanctuary

Zufluchtsort
Meaning
A place of safety, refuge, or protection; a sacred place.
Example
The forest is a sanctuary for endangered animals.
Der Wald ist ein Zufluchtsort für gefährdete Tiere.
B2 adjective /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/

statistical

statistisch
Meaning
relating to the use or analysis of numerical data
Example
The report provides statistical data about population growth.
Der Bericht liefert statistische Daten über das Bevölkerungswachstum.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

nachhaltiger und kollaborativer Ansatz
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
Ein nachhaltiger und kollaborativer Ansatz ist entscheidend, um Umweltprobleme zu lösen.
A2 noun ˈsaɪən.tɪst

scientist

Wissenschaftler
Meaning
A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences.
Example
The scientist proposed data-driven reforms.
Der Wissenschaftler schlug datengestützte Reformen vor.
A1 noun /ˈsændwɪtʃ/

sandwich

sandwich
Meaning
two pieces of bread with food such as meat, cheese, or salad between them
Example
I made a chicken sandwich for lunch.
Ich habe ein Hühnchen-Sandwich zum Mittagessen gemacht.