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C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

ruhig und friedlich
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Der See hatte eine serene und friedliche Atmosphäre.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluː.sɪv/

Illusive

trügerisch; scheinbar existierend, aber nicht real; täuschend
Meaning
deceptive; appearing to exist but not real; misleading
Example
The promise of easy money proved to be illusive and misleading.
Das Versprechen von leichtem Geld erwies sich als trügerisch und täuschend.
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/

accolade

Auszeichnung
Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
Sie erhielt eine Auszeichnung für ihre herausragende Leistung.
C1 adjective ˈfɔːr.mɪ.də.bəl

formidable

furchterregend
Meaning
Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable.
Example
The boxer was a formidable opponent in the ring.
Der Boxer war ein furchterregender Gegner im Ring.
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

Savanne (mit verstreuten Bäumen)
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
Giraffen grasten an Akazienbäumen über die weite Savanne.
C1 noun prəˈpʌl.ʃən

propulsion

Antriebskraft
Meaning
The action of driving or pushing forward.
Example
Jet engines provide propulsion for aircraft to travel long distances.
Jet-Triebwerke liefern die Antriebskraft für Flugzeuge, um lange Distanzen zu überwinden.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

Abstinenz, Verzicht
Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
Sein Arzt empfahl Abstinenz von Alkohol für eine bessere Gesundheit.
C1 noun, verb /dɪsˈɑːnər/

dishonor

Schande
Meaning
a state of shame or loss of respect; to bring shame upon someone or something
Example
The soldier felt he had brought dishonor to his family.
Der Soldat fühlte, dass er seiner Familie Schande gebracht hatte.
C1 noun /ˈek.stə.si/

Ecstasy

Ekstase
Meaning
an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement
Example
She was in complete ecstasy when she heard the good news.
Sie war in völliger Ekstase, als sie die guten Nachrichten hörte.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

warnend
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
Der Bericht gibt eine warnende Botschaft über unkontrollierte Ausgaben.
C1 noun /ˈhɔːr.nət/

Hornet

Hornisse
Meaning
a large wasp that can sting and is often aggressive
Example
The hornet built its nest under the roof.
Die Hornisse baute ihr Nest unter dem Dach.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrn.fəl/

mournful

traurig
Meaning
feeling, expressing, or causing sadness or grief
Example
The mournful song reminded her of lost loved ones.
Das traurige Lied erinnerte sie an ihre verlorenen Liebsten.
C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

ostwärts
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
Der Fluss fließt ostwärts in den Ozean.
C1 noun /dɪˈten.ʃən/

Detention

Haft; Untersuchungshaft
Meaning
the action of detaining someone or being detained in official custody
Example
The student received detention for repeatedly disrupting the class.
Der Schüler erhielt Haft für wiederholte Störungen im Unterricht.
C1 verb /wiːld/

wield

halten, benutzen
Meaning
To hold and use a weapon, tool, or power effectively.
Example
The warrior wielded his sword with great skill.
Der Krieger führte sein Schwert mit großer Geschicklichkeit.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrs ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

resource-efficient

ressourcenschonend
Meaning
Using resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes productivity.
Example
Resource-efficient farming conserves water and energy.
Ressourcenschonende Landwirtschaft spart Wasser und Energie.
C1 noun /dɪˈmiːnər/

demeanour

verhalten
Meaning
a person's outward behavior or appearance
Example
Her calm demeanour impressed everyone during the meeting.
Ihr ruhiges Verhalten beeindruckte alle während des Treffens.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

Parteianhänger
Meaning
A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.
Example
The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.
Die Debatte wurde schnell parteiisch, wobei jede Seite ihre eigene Agenda verteidigte.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

harte Prüfung, Schmelzofen
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
Das Team kam stärker aus dem Schmelztiegel der Konkurrenz hervor.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

Pretension, falsche Darstellung
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Seine Pretension, ein Experte zu sein, wurde schnell entlarvt.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

Jubiläum
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
Die Schule feierte ihr Jubiläum mit einer großen Veranstaltung.
C1 noun /ɡʌst/

Gust

plötzlicher Windstoß
Meaning
a sudden strong rush of wind; a sudden burst or outburst of feeling
Example
A powerful gust of wind knocked over the outdoor umbrellas at the cafe.
Ein starker Windstoß warf die Sonnenschirme vor dem Café um.
C1 noun /ˌrɛkwɪˈzɪʃən/

requisition

Anforderung
Meaning
An official order laying claim to the use of property or materials; a formal demand or request.
Example
The manager submitted a requisition for new office supplies.
Der Manager hat eine Requisition für neue Büromaterialien eingereicht.
C1 adjective /ˈɡɔːri/

gory

blutig
Meaning
involving or showing a lot of bloodshed and violence
Example
The movie was too gory for children.
Der Film war zu blutig für Kinder.
C1 adverb ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəli

experimentally

experimentell
Meaning
In a way that is based on or derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.
Example
Bose demonstrated findings experimentally.
Bose zeigte die Ergebnisse experimentell.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

zwangsweise
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
Die Regierung sah sich Kritik ausgesetzt, weil sie Zwangsmaßnahmen gegen Demonstranten ergriff.
C1 noun /ˈtem.pɚ.əns/

temperance

Mäßigung
Meaning
Moderation in action, thought, or feeling; restraint.
Example
Temperance is essential for a balanced life.
Mäßigung ist entscheidend für ein ausgewogenes Leben.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

undurchlässig
Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
Die Jacke ist undurchlässig gegen Regen.
C1 verb /ɔːrˈdeɪn/

ordain

ordnen
Meaning
To officially make someone a priest or minister; to decree or order something officially.
Example
The bishop will ordain three new priests this Sunday.
Der Bischof wird an diesem Sonntag drei neue Priester ordinieren.
C1 adjective /ˈpærəmaʊnt/

paramount

von größter Bedeutung
Meaning
more important than anything else; supreme
Example
Safety is of paramount importance in this factory.
Sicherheit hat in dieser Fabrik von größter Bedeutung.
C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

vereinfachen oder Effizienz steigern
Meaning
To make a process simpler and more efficient.
Example
The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.
Das Unternehmen hat das Ziel, die Produktion zu optimieren, um die Kosten zu senken.
C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

zusammenzucken
Meaning
To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
She cringed when she remembered her mistake.
Sie zuckte zusammen, als sie an ihren Fehler dachte.
C1 noun /tiˈɑː.rə/

Tiara

Tiara
Meaning
a jeweled ornamental crown worn on formal occasions
Example
The princess wore a sparkling diamond tiara at the royal ball.
Die Prinzessin trug eine funkelnde Diamant-Tiara beim königlichen Ball.
C1 noun /trænsˈɡrɛʃən/

transgression

Übertretung, Verstoß
Meaning
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
Example
The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.
Das Gericht vergab seine erste Übertretung, warnte ihn jedoch, sie nicht zu wiederholen.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈtɛl/

foretell

vorhersagen
Meaning
to predict or announce something before it happens
Example
The old man claimed he could foretell the future.
Der alte Mann behauptete, er könne die Zukunft vorhersagen.
C1 verb /ʌpˈruːt/

uproot

entwurzeln
Meaning
To pull something out of the ground; to remove or displace completely.
Example
They uprooted the old tree from the garden.
Sie haben den alten Baum aus dem Garten gerodet.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

Stratosphäre
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
Die Stratosphäre bietet eine einzigartige Umgebung.
C1 adjective /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/

Navigable

navigierbar
Meaning
suitable for ships or boats to travel on; able to be navigated
Example
The river is navigable for small boats during the rainy season.
Der Fluss ist für kleine Boote während der Regenzeit navigierbar.
C1 verb /ˈheɪsən/

hasten

beschleunigen
Meaning
To move or act quickly; to cause something to happen sooner.
Example
He hastened to finish his work before the deadline.
Er beeilte sich, seine Arbeit vor der Frist zu beenden.
C1 noun /ˈɡæloʊz/

gallows

Galgen
Meaning
A structure used for hanging criminals who have been sentenced to death.
Example
The criminal was led to the gallows at dawn.
Der Verbrecher wurde bei Morgengrauen zum Galgen geführt.
C1 verb /ˈɡræpəl/

grapple

kämpfen, ringen
Meaning
to struggle or wrestle with something, often a problem or opponent
Example
The company is grappling with financial difficulties.
Das Unternehmen hat mit finanziellen Schwierigkeiten zu kämpfen.
C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

derivative

abgeleitet
Meaning
Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.
Example
The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works.
Der Film wurde kritisiert, weil er zu sehr von früheren Werken abgeleitet war.
C1 noun /rɪˌsɛptɪˈvɪti/

receptivity

Empfänglichkeit
Meaning
The ability or willingness to receive something, especially signals or stimuli.
Example
Her receptivity to new ideas helped improve the project.
Ihre Empfänglichkeit für neue Ideen half, das Projekt zu verbessern.
C1 noun ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

mitigation

Minderung
Meaning
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Example
Mitigation of climate change requires collective effort.
Die Minderung des Klimawandels erfordert gemeinsame Anstrengungen.
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

sklavisch
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
Seine sklavische Hingabe an die Tradition verhinderte jede Innovation.
C1 noun ˌriː.pɚˈkʌʃ.ənz

repercussions

Folgen
Meaning
The unintended consequences or effects of an action or event.
Example
The new policy had unintended repercussions on the economy.
Die neue Politik hatte unbeabsichtigte Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft.
C1 adjective /trænsˈluːsənt/

translucent

halbtransparent
Meaning
allowing light to pass through, but not clearly enough to see detailed images
Example
She placed the flower in a translucent vase.
Sie stellte die Blume in eine halbtransparente Vase.
C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

Einsicht, Analysefähigkeit
Meaning
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
Example
His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.
Seine Einsicht half, das komplexe Problem zu lösen.
C1 verb /θræʃ/

thrash

verprügeln
Meaning
to beat someone or something violently; to move wildly or violently
Example
The angry man threatened to thrash his opponent.
Der wütende Mann drohte, seinen Gegner zu verprügeln.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt

exacerbate

verschärfen
Meaning
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example
Climate change exacerbates flooding issues.
Der Klimawandel verschärft die Überschwemmungsprobleme.
C1 noun /ədˈhɪərənt/

adherent

Anhänger
Meaning
a person who supports or follows a particular belief, cause, or leader
Example
He is a strong adherent of democratic values.
Er ist ein starker Anhänger der demokratischen Werte.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

Kutscher
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
Der Kutscher lenkte geschickt die Pferde durch die belebten Straßen.
C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

umfahren
Meaning
to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another
Example
The train was shunted onto a different track.
Der Zug wurde auf ein anderes Gleis umgeleitet.
C1 noun nɪˈmɒnɪks

mnemonics

Eselsbrücken, Gedächtnishilfen
Meaning
A technique to aid memory; a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations
Example
Mnemonics help in remembering complex concepts easily.
Mnemotechniken helfen dabei, komplexe Konzepte leicht zu merken.
C1 noun ˈdʒen.ə.saɪd

genocide

Völkermord
Meaning
The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.
Example
The allegations of genocide raised global concerns.
Die Anschuldigungen des Völkermords lösten weltweite Besorgnis aus.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpærɪdʒ/

disparage

herabsetzen
Meaning
to criticize someone or something in a way that shows a lack of respect
Example
It is unfair to disparage people for their opinions.
Es ist ungerecht, Menschen für ihre Meinungen herabzusetzen.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

Stipendium
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
Der Forschungsstudent erhält ein monatliches Stipendium für Lebenshaltungskosten.
C1 adjective /dɪˈlɪriəs/

delirious

delirisch
Meaning
in an extremely disturbed or excited state of mind, often due to illness or emotion
Example
He was delirious with fever and kept muttering nonsense.
Er war delirisch vor Fieber und murmelte Unsinn.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

willkürlich
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
Der willkürliche Einsatz von Pestiziden schadet der Umwelt.
C1 adjective /flæmˈbɔɪənt/

flamboyant

auffällig, farbenfroh oder selbstbewusst
Meaning
showy, strikingly bold or colorful; confident and lively
Example
His flamboyant style drew everyone's attention at the party.
Sein auffälliger Stil zog auf der Party die Aufmerksamkeit aller an.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpjuː.t̬ɪd/

Reputed

angesehen; berühmt
Meaning
generally said or believed to be; having a particular reputation
Example
He is reputed to be one of the best doctors in the country.
Er gilt als einer der besten Ärzte des Landes.
C1 adjective /ɒˈstɛnsəbl/

ostensible

scheinbar
Meaning
stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Example
His ostensible reason for leaving was illness, but many doubted it.
Sein scheinbarer Grund für das Verlassen war Krankheit, aber viele zweifelten daran.
C1 adjective /ˈtɒrɪd/

torrid

sehr heiß und trocken; voller starker Emotionen oder Leidenschaft
Meaning
Very hot and dry; full of strong emotions or passion.
Example
The desert heat was torrid during the day.
Die Wüstenglut war tagsüber sehr heiß.
C1 noun /əˈdʒeɪsənsi/

adjacency

Nachbarschaft
Meaning
The state of being next to or adjoining something else.
Example
The adjacency of the two buildings made it easy to connect them.
Die Nachbarschaft der beiden Gebäude erleichterte es, sie zu verbinden.
C1 verb/adjective /dɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

degenerate

degenerieren
Meaning
To decline or deteriorate in quality, character, or condition; or someone with low moral standards.
Example
The once thriving empire began to degenerate into chaos.
Das einst blühende Reich begann, in Chaos zu degenerieren.
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

strategische Erkenntnisse
Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
Strategische Erkenntnisse leiten die Politikgestaltung.
C1 noun /rɪt/

writ

gerichtlicher Befehl
Meaning
A formal written order issued by a court.
Example
The judge issued a writ of habeas corpus.
Der Richter erließ einen Habeas-Corpus-Befehl.
C1 noun /ˈrɛt.ər.ɪk/

rhetoric

die Kunst des effektiven oder überzeugenden Sprechens oder Schreibens
Meaning
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; skillful use of language to influence others.
Example
Political leaders often use rhetoric to influence people.
Politische Führer verwenden oft Rhetorik, um Menschen zu beeinflussen.
C1 noun /læps/

Lapse

vorübergehender Fehler; Lapsus;
Meaning
a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment; the termination of a right or privilege
Example
There was a brief lapse in security that allowed the intruder to enter the building.
Es gab eine kurze Sicherheitslücke, die dem Eindringling den Zugang zum Gebäude ermöglichte.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

Zuteilung, Aufteilung
Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
Jede Abteilung erhielt eine Zuteilung von Ressourcen.
C1 verb /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/

debunk

widerlegen, die Falschheit von etwas aufdecken
Meaning
Expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief).
Example
Scientists debunked the myth that vaccines cause autism.
Wissenschaftler widerlegten den Mythos, dass Impfstoffe Autismus verursachen.
C1 noun ɪnˌɛv.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

inevitability

Unvermeidbarkeit
Meaning
The quality of being certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
Example
The inevitability of change is a part of life.
Die Unvermeidbarkeit des Wandels ist ein Teil des Lebens.
C1 verb, adjective, noun /lɪmp/

limp

humpeln / schwach
Meaning
to walk with difficulty, often due to injury or weakness; lacking strength or firmness.
Example
He limped after injuring his ankle.
Er hinkte, nachdem er sich am Knöchel verletzt hatte.
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

absurd, lächerlich
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
Die Idee, dass Schweine fliegen könnten, ist absurd.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

Spekulant
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
Der Immobilien-Spekulant kaufte Land in der Hoffnung, dass sein Wert steigen würde.
C1 noun /ˈæntɪˌdoʊt/

antidote

Antidot
Meaning
A substance that neutralizes the effects of a poison; something that relieves or counteracts.
Example
The doctor quickly administered an antidote to the snake venom.
Der Arzt verabreichte schnell ein Antidot gegen das Schlangenvenom.
C1 noun /dɪˈsiːt/

Deceit

Betrug; Täuschung; Lüge
Meaning
the action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth
Example
His deceit was discovered when the truth about his qualifications came to light.
Sein Betrug wurde entdeckt, als die Wahrheit über seine Qualifikationen ans Licht kam.
C1 verb /ˈbɪkər/

bicker

über Kleinigkeiten streiten
Meaning
To argue or quarrel about trivial matters.
Example
The children began to bicker over the last piece of cake.
Die Kinder begannen, sich um das letzte Stück Kuchen zu streiten.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

unterteilen
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Um die Effizienz zu steigern, unterteilte er seine Arbeitsaufgaben.
C1 noun /dɪˈkriː/

Decree

Dekret
Meaning
an official order issued by a legal authority; a judicial decision or edict
Example
The king issued a decree that all citizens must pay additional taxes.
Der König erließ ein Dekret, dass alle Bürger zusätzliche Steuern zahlen müssen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

verschuldet; dankbar
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
Ich bin meiner Lehrerin tief verbunden für ihre ganze Führung.
C1 noun /ˈɪtʃ.i.nəs/

itchiness

Juckreiz
Meaning
The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
Example
Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing.
Augenjuckreiz führt oft zum Reiben.
C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

Vorrang
Meaning
The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.
Example
The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.
Die Vorrangstellung des Online-Shoppings hat den Einzelhandel für immer verändert.
C1 verb, noun /dɪsˈkrɛdɪt/

discredit

diskreditieren
Meaning
To harm the reputation of someone or something; loss of respect or credibility.
Example
The scandal discredited the politician in the eyes of the public.
Der Skandal diskreditierte den Politiker in den Augen der Öffentlichkeit.
C1 adjective /ˈdaʊ.ər/

dour

strikt
Meaning
relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance
Example
His dour expression made the meeting uncomfortable.
Sein strenges Gesichtsausdruck machte das Treffen unangenehm.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

umkehren
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
Er hat das Glas umgedreht, um das Wasser abfließen zu lassen.
C1 adjective /ˌnɒnˈvɜː.bəl/

non-verbal

Beteiligt keine Wörter oder Sprache; kommuniziert durch Gesten, Körpersprache oder Gesichtsausdrücke.
Meaning
Not involving or using words or speech; communicated through gestures, body language, or facial expressions.
Example
Non-verbal cues are just as important as words.
Non-verbale Hinweise sind genauso wichtig wie Worte.
C1 verb /nəˈsɛsɪteɪt/

necessitate

notwendig machen
Meaning
To make something necessary or unavoidable.
Example
The heavy rains necessitated the cancellation of the event.
Die schweren Regenfälle machten die Absage der Veranstaltung unvermeidlich.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡoʊˈsentrɪk/

egocentric

egoistisch
Meaning
thinking only about yourself and not about others
Example
His egocentric behavior annoyed everyone at the meeting.
Sein egoistisches Verhalten nervte alle im Meeting.
C1 verb ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt

fluctuate

fluktuieren
Meaning
To regularly increase or decrease.
Example
Stock prices fluctuate due to market conditions.
Aktienkurse schwanken aufgrund der Marktbedingungen.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

Zusammenhalt
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
Das Team zeigte hervorragenden Zusammenhalt während des Projekts.
C1 noun /ˈrɛl.ɪk/

relic

Relikt
Meaning
an object surviving from an earlier time, often of historical or religious interest
Example
The museum displayed relics from the ancient civilization.
Das Museum stellte Relikte aus der antiken Zivilisation aus.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɛpʃən

inception

Inception
Meaning
The establishment or starting point of an institution or activity.
Example
The inception of the company marked a new era in the industry.
Die Inception des Unternehmens markierte eine neue Ära in der Industrie.
C1 noun /ˈprɒfəsi/

prophecy

Prophezeiung
Meaning
a prediction or message about the future, often believed to be divinely inspired
Example
The prophecy foretold the rise of a great leader.
Die Prophezeiung sagte den Aufstieg eines großen Anführers voraus.
C1 noun /ænˈtɪθəsɪs/

antithesis

Antithese
Meaning
A person, thing, or idea that is the direct opposite of another; a rhetorical device contrasting opposing ideas in parallel structure.
Example
Love is the antithesis of hate.
Liebe ist die Antithese von Hass.
C1 noun /mɔːrˈfɑːlədʒi/

morphology

Morphologie
Meaning
the study of the form and structure of things, especially in language and biology
Example
Morphology studies the structure of words and how they are formed.
Die Morphologie untersucht die Struktur von Wörtern und wie sie gebildet werden.
C1 adjective /məˈnæstɪk/

monastic

mönchisch
Meaning
Relating to monks, monasteries, or a life of religious seclusion.
Example
He chose to live a monastic life away from the city.
Er wählte ein monastisches Leben, weit weg von der Stadt.
C1 verb /vaʊtʃ/

vouch

bürgen
Meaning
to confirm or assert the truth or reliability of something
Example
I can vouch for his honesty.
Ich kann für seine Ehrlichkeit bürgen.
C1 adjective /rɪˈbel.jəs/

Rebellious

rebellisch; widerspenstig; autoritätsverweigernd;
Meaning
defying authority; resisting control; disobedient;
Example
The rebellious teenager refused to follow his parents' rules.
Der rebellische Teenager weigerte sich, die Regeln seiner Eltern zu befolgen.
C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.dʒəns/

divergence

Divergenz
Meaning
The process or state of diverging; a difference or deviation between two or more things.
Example
The divergence in their opinions led to a heated debate.
Die Divergenz in ihren Meinungen führte zu einer hitzigen Debatte.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

polarisiert
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
Die Debatte polarisierte die Gemeinschaft über das Thema Klimawandel.
C1 noun /jiːld ˌɒptɪmaɪˈzeɪʃən/

yield optimization

Ertragsoptimierung
Meaning
The process of maximizing the productivity or efficiency of crop production through various agricultural techniques and practices.
Example
Yield optimization techniques can significantly improve crop production.
Techniken zur Ertragsoptimierung können die Ernteproduktion erheblich verbessern.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

ausweichen
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
Der Politiker versuchte, der schwierigen Frage auszuweichen.
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

der Kern
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
Der Kern des Problems liegt in schlechter Kommunikation.
C1 adjective /məˈnɒtənəs/

Monotonous

monoton; langweilig; wiederholend
Meaning
lacking in variety; tediously unvarying; boring and repetitive
Example
The monotonous sound of the rain made everyone feel sleepy.
Der monotone Klang des Regens ließ alle schläfrig werden.
C1 noun /faɪˈnælɪti/

finality

Endgültigkeit
Meaning
the quality of being final or irreversible; a sense of conclusiveness
Example
The judge's decision gave the case a sense of finality.
Die Entscheidung des Richters gab dem Fall ein Gefühl der Endgültigkeit.
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

abtreten
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
Das Land trat nach dem Verlust des Krieges Territorium ab.
C1 noun /ˈɔr.ə.tər/

Orator

Redner
Meaning
a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled in speaking
Example
The famous orator delivered an inspiring speech.
Der berühmte Redner hielt eine inspirierende Rede.
C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

promiskuitiv
Meaning
Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.
Example
The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.
Der Roman beschreibt eine Figur mit einem promiskuitiven Lebensstil.
C1 noun /ˈmjuːtɪni/

mutiny

Meuterei
Meaning
an open rebellion against authority, especially by soldiers or sailors
Example
The sailors staged a mutiny against their captain.
Die Seeleute organisierten eine Meuterei gegen ihren Kapitän.
C1 verb /ˈbɒɡəl/

boggle

verblüffen
Meaning
to overwhelm or confuse; to be astonished or puzzled by something
Example
The complexity of the puzzle boggled his mind.
Die Komplexität des Puzzles verblüffte seinen Verstand.
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

unleserlich
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
Die Handschrift des Arztes war fast unleserlich.
C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

Friedensapostel
Meaning
a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence
Example
She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.
Sie ist eine engagierte Friedensapostelin, die gegen bewaffnete Konflikte kämpft.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

Schlucht
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
Der Fluss grub eine tiefe Schlucht durch die Berge.
C1 verb/noun /ˈrɛlɪʃ/

relish

genießen / Gewürz
Meaning
to greatly enjoy; also a condiment or sauce
Example
She relished the opportunity to travel abroad.
Sie genoss die Gelegenheit, ins Ausland zu reisen.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

einäschern
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Gemäß seinem Wunsch kremierten sie seinen Körper nach der Beerdigung.
C1 adjective /ˈtɪpsi/

tipsy

leicht betrunken
Meaning
slightly drunk
Example
She felt tipsy after just one glass of wine.
Sie fühlte sich nach nur einem Glas Wein ein wenig betrunken.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspæns/

expanse

weite Fläche
Meaning
a wide, open area of land, sea, or sky
Example
The desert is a vast expanse of sand and rock.
Die Wüste ist eine weite Fläche aus Sand und Felsen.
C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/

pedantic

übermäßig besorgt über kleine Details oder Regeln
Meaning
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.
Example
Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.
Ihre pedantischen Erklärungen machten die Vorlesung langweilig.
C1 noun, verb /ɡliːm/

gleam

Schimmer
Meaning
a small or brief shining light; to shine softly
Example
A gleam of hope appeared in her eyes.
Ein Schimmer der Hoffnung erschien in ihren Augen.
C1 noun /ˌhɑːmənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

harmonization

Harmonisierung, Anpassung
Meaning
The process of making things compatible or consistent with one another.
Example
The harmonization of different policies ensures consistent results.
Die Harmonisierung verschiedener Richtlinien gewährleistet konsistente Ergebnisse.