Salutation
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C1 noun /ˌsæl.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

Salutation

Gruß; Ausdruck von Wohlwollen
Meaning
a greeting; an expression of goodwill
Example
The letter began with a formal salutation.
Der Brief begann mit einem formellen Gruß.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

Hitzschlag
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
Der Arbeiter erlitt einen Hitzschlag, nachdem er den ganzen Tag draußen gearbeitet hatte.
C1 noun /ˌspɒn.təˈneɪ.ɪ.ti/

spontaneity

spontanität
Meaning
The quality of being spontaneous; natural and unplanned behavior.
Example
His spontaneity makes him a great conversationalist.
Seine Spontanität macht ihn zu einem großartigen Gesprächspartner.
C1 noun ˈsɪn.tæks

syntax

Syntax
Meaning
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
Example
Programming languages follow strict syntax rules.
Programmiersprachen folgen strengen Syntaxregeln.
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

retten
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
Sie haben es geschafft, einige Waren aus dem Feuer zu retten.
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

Beleidigung / abfälliger Kommentar
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
Er hat eine abfällige Bemerkung über ihren Charakter gemacht.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

Spekulant
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
Der Immobilien-Spekulant kaufte Land in der Hoffnung, dass sein Wert steigen würde.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

schlecht gemacht
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
Der Auftragnehmer hat bei den Reparaturen einen schlechten Job gemacht.
C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

Separatist
Meaning
A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.
Example
The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.
Die separatistische Gruppe forderte die Unabhängigkeit von der Zentralregierung.
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

Sägemehl
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
Der Boden war mit Sägemehl vom Tischlerarbeiten bedeckt.
C1 noun /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/

serendipity

Serendipität
Meaning
The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Finding that old photo album was pure serendipity.
Das Finden des alten Fotoalbums war pure Serendipität.
C1 noun /stɪnt/

stint

kurze Tätigkeit
Meaning
a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity
Example
She did a short stint as a teacher before moving abroad.
Sie hat eine kurze Tätigkeit als Lehrerin gemacht, bevor sie ins Ausland zog.
C1 noun /səˈprɑːnoʊ/

soprano

die höchste weibliche oder Jungenstimme
Meaning
the highest female or boy’s singing voice
Example
She sang beautifully in the soprano range during the concert.
Sie sang wunderschön im Sopranbereich während des Konzerts.
C1 noun /ˈslændər/

Slander

Verleumdung
Meaning
the action of making false spoken statements damaging to someone's reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for slander.
Der Politiker klagte die Zeitung wegen Verleumdung an.
C1 noun /ˈsɒnɪt/

sonnet

Sonett
Meaning
A poem of 14 lines using formal rhyme schemes, often about love.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets about love and beauty.
Shakespeare schrieb viele berühmte Sonette über Liebe und Schönheit.
C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

Betrüger
Meaning
a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain
Example
The police finally caught the notorious swindler.
Die Polizei hat den berüchtigten Betrüger endlich gefasst.
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

Scroll-Sucht
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
Scroll-Sucht ist eine wachsende Besorgnis unter Smartphone-Nutzern.
C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

anfällig oder verletzlich, von etwas Bestimmtem beeinflusst oder geschädigt zu werden
Meaning
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Example
Children are more susceptible to infections.
Kinder sind anfälliger für Infektionen.
C1 adjective /skəˈlæstɪk/

scholastic

schulisch
Meaning
Relating to schools, education, or academic learning.
Example
The school organizes scholastic competitions every year.
Die Schule organisiert jedes Jahr schulische Wettbewerbe.
C1 noun /stɛlθ/

stealth

Heimlichkeit, unauffällig bewegen
Meaning
The act of moving, doing, or achieving something quietly and secretly.
Example
The cat moved with stealth towards its prey.
Die Katze bewegte sich heimlich in Richtung ihrer Beute.
C1 noun, verb /strænd/

strand

Faden / gestrandet
Meaning
Noun: A single thin length of thread, wire, or similar. Verb: To leave someone or something without a way of moving or leaving.
Example
The storm stranded many tourists on the island.
Der Sturm strandete viele Touristen auf der Insel.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

Predigt
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
Der Pastor hielt eine bewegende Predigt über Mitgefühl und Vergebung.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

Säger
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
Der geschickte Säger schnitt die Stämme in Bretter.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

sich hängen lassen
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Er ließ sich im Stuhl hängen und sah müde aus.
C1 adjective /ˈspɪndli/

spindly

dünn und schwach
Meaning
Long, thin, and weak-looking
Example
The spindly tree bent under the weight of the snow.
Der dünne Baum bog sich unter dem Gewicht des Schnees.
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

abgelegen
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
Sie verbrachten ihren Urlaub in einem abgelegenen Strandhaus.
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

Untertauchen
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
Das Untertauchen von Küstengebieten ist eine große Sorge aufgrund des Anstiegs des Meeresspiegels.
C1 verb/noun /ˈsɒldər/

solder

löten
Meaning
To join metal parts together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint
Example
He soldered the broken wires back together.
Er hat die kaputten Drähte wieder zusammen gelötet.
C1 noun /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/

stimulant

Stimulans
Meaning
A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
Example
Coffee is a common stimulant that helps people stay awake.
Kaffee ist ein häufiges Stimulans, das den Menschen hilft, wach zu bleiben
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːrlətɪv/

superlative

superlativ
Meaning
Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.
Example
Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation.
Ihre Leistung war superlativ und brachte ihr stehende Ovationen ein.
C1 adjective /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/

synonymous

synonym
Meaning
having the same or nearly the same meaning; closely associated with something
Example
For many people, her name is synonymous with generosity.
Für viele Leute ist ihr Name Synonym für Großzügigkeit.
C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

Seidenwurm
Meaning
the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric
Example
Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.
Seidenwürmer fressen Maulbeerblätter, um Seide zu produzieren.
C1 noun /ˈsɛdətɪv/

sedative

Beruhigungsmittel
Meaning
A substance that calms the nerves or induces sleep.
Example
The doctor prescribed a sedative to help the patient sleep.
Der Arzt verschrieb ein Sedativum, um dem Patienten beim Schlafen zu helfen.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

schuppig
Meaning
covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales
Example
The fish has scaly skin.
Der Fisch hat eine schuppige Haut.
C1 adjective /səˈdɪs.tɪk/

sadistic

sadistisch
Meaning
Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.
Example
The villain had a sadistic smile while hurting his enemies.
Der Bösewicht hatte ein sadistisches Lächeln, als er seinen Feinden Schaden zufügte.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

Hausbesetzer
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
Die Polizei entfernte die Hausbesetzer aus dem verlassenen Haus.
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

simulieren
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
Der Pilot musste eine Notlandung während des Trainings simulieren.
C1 verb /ˈskævɪndʒ/

scavenge

im Müll nach etwas suchen
Meaning
to search through waste or discarded material to find useful items
Example
The children scavenged for food in the garbage dump.
Die Kinder durchsuchten den Müll nach Essen.
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/

subjection

Unterwerfung
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
Das Volk litt unter der Unterwerfung eines grausamen Herrschers.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

Selbstgenügsamkeit
Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
Der Bauernhof erreichte vollständige Selbstgenügsamkeit in der Lebensmittelproduktion.
C1 adjective ˌsɪn.əˈdʒɪs.tɪk

synergistic

synergetisch
Meaning
Relating to the interaction of elements that when combined produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Example
A synergistic effect occurs when nutrients work together.
Ein synergetischer Effekt tritt auf, wenn Nährstoffe zusammenarbeiten.
C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

kämpferisch / chaotisch
Meaning
Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.
Example
Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.
Trotz seiner kleinen Größe war er ein kämpferischer Kämpfer.
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

ersticken / ersticken
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
Sie erstickte das Feuer mit einer Decke.
C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

Verehrer
Meaning
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
Example
She had many suitors vying for her attention.
Sie hatte viele Verehrer, die um ihre Aufmerksamkeit konkurrierten.
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

Scharmützel
Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
Die Soldaten gerieten in ein Scharmützel nahe der Grenze.
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

verbrannt
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
Das Feuer verbrannte die Wände des Gebäudes.
C1 verb /swɜːrv/

swerve

plötzlich die Richtung ändern
Meaning
to change direction suddenly, especially to avoid hitting something
Example
The car swerved to avoid the dog.
Das Auto änderte plötzlich die Richtung, um den Hund zu vermeiden.
C1 verb /ˈskʌt.əl/

scuttle

Glück
Meaning
To run hurriedly with short, quick steps; or to deliberately sink a ship.
Example
The children scuttled back to their seats when the teacher entered.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

über etwas Unbedeutendes laut streiten
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
Die Kinder stritten sich um das letzte Stück Kuchen.
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

stottern
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
Der nervöse Student begann während seiner Rede zu stottern.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːrdɪd/

sordid

erbärmlich
Meaning
involving immoral or dishonorable actions; dirty or unpleasant
Example
The newspaper exposed the politician's sordid past.
Die Zeitung deckte die erbärmliche Vergangenheit des Politikers auf.
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

festlegen
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
Der Vertrag stipuliert, dass die Zahlung innerhalb von 30 Tagen erfolgen muss.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

nachhaltige Praktiken
Meaning
Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
Example
Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.
Nachhaltige Praktiken sind entscheidend für den Umweltschutz.
C1 noun/verb /snɛər/

snare

falle
Meaning
a trap for catching animals; to catch or trap
Example
The hunter set a snare to catch rabbits.
Der Jäger stellte eine Falle auf, um Kaninchen zu fangen.
C1 noun /ˈʃær.ən fruːt/

Sharon fruit

Sharon Frucht
Meaning
a sweet orange persimmon fruit that can be eaten when firm
Example
The Sharon fruit is sweet and can be eaten like an apple.
Die Sharon-Frucht ist süß und kann wie ein Apfel gegessen werden.
C1 noun /sleɪ/

sleigh

Schlitten
Meaning
A vehicle pulled by horses or reindeer over snow or ice.
Example
Children were excited to ride in the sleigh through the snowy village.
Kinder waren aufgeregt, im Schlitten durch das verschneite Dorf zu fahren.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

Nebengespräche
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Nebengespräche führen oft zu Vereinbarungen.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

blind; ohne Sicht
Meaning
unable to see; blind; lacking vision
Example
The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.
Der blinde Mann navigierte die Straße mit seinem Führhund.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən/

sensitization

Sensibilisierung
Meaning
The process of becoming sensitive to a substance, situation, or influence.
Example
The doctor warned about the sensitization caused by repeated exposure to chemicals.
Der Arzt warnte vor der Sensibilisierung, die durch wiederholte Exposition gegenüber Chemikalien verursacht wurde.
C1 noun ˌsɛlf.rɪˈstreɪnt

self-restraint

Selbstbeherrschung
Meaning
The practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically an impulse or desire.
Example
Practicing self-restraint helps in avoiding impulsive decisions.
Selbstbeherrschung hilft, impulsive Entscheidungen zu vermeiden.
C1 noun /ˈstɔːrhaʊs/

storehouse

Lagerhaus
Meaning
A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository
Example
The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods.
Das Lager diente als Storehouse für alle importierten Waren.
C1 adjective /ˈsek.j ə.l ər/

Secular

säkulär
Meaning
not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
Example
The country maintains a secular government that separates religion from politics.
Das Land führt eine säkulare Regierung, die Religion von der Politik trennt.
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

Stolz
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
Er betrat den Raum, als ob er der Besitzer wäre.
C1 adjective /steɪd/

staid

ernst, respektabel
Meaning
Serious, respectable, and unadventurous.
Example
He came from a staid family background.
Er kam aus einer ernsthaften Familie.
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

sieb
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
Sie benutzte ein Sieb, um die Pasta abzusieben.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

self-indulgence

Selbstgenuss
Meaning
The act of allowing oneself to enjoy pleasures or desires excessively.
Example
His weekend of self-indulgence included eating sweets and watching movies nonstop.
Sein Wochenende des Selbstgenusses beinhaltete das Essen von Süßigkeiten und das Ansehen von Filmen ohne Unterbrechung.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪ.ən/

scion

Abkömmling
Meaning
a descendant of a wealthy, aristocratic, or influential family
Example
He is the scion of a wealthy industrialist family.
Er ist der Abkömmling einer wohlhabenden Industriellenfamilie.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

unterwürfig
Meaning
prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else
Example
She was too subservient to challenge his decision.
Sie war zu unterwürfig, um seine Entscheidung in Frage zu stellen.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

löslich
Meaning
able to be dissolved, especially in water
Example
Sugar is soluble in water.
Zucker ist in Wasser löslich.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɪləti/

senility

Senilität
Meaning
The state of being old and showing the weaknesses of age, especially mental decline.
Example
His forgetfulness was attributed to senility.
Seine Vergesslichkeit wurde der Senilität zugeschrieben.
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

festigen
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
Das Unternehmen hat seine Position auf dem Markt gefestigt.
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

zweitrangig
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
Der Film war unterhaltsam, aber im Vergleich zum Original eindeutig zweitklassig.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

räumlich
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
Der Wissenschaftler studierte die räumliche Anordnung der Sterne.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪfəld/

stifled

unterdrücken
Meaning
to suppress, hold back, or prevent something from happening
Example
He stifled a laugh during the serious meeting.
Er unterdrückte ein Lachen während des ernsten Treffens.
C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

Speichel
Meaning
the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
Example
The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.
Der Zahnarzt bat sie, den Speichel aus ihrem Mund zu spuelen.
C1 verb /struː/

strew

verstreuen
Meaning
to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area
Example
Clothes were strewn across the floor.
Die Kleider lagen verstreut auf dem Boden.
C1 verb /ˈsɪnɚdʒaɪzd/

synergized

synergisiert, vereint, koordiniert
Meaning
Combine in such a way that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.
Example
The teams were synergized to maximize productivity.
Die Teams wurden synergisiert, um die Produktivität zu maximieren.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

knapp
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Es gab nur wenig Beweise, um seine Behauptung zu stützen.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

unterdrücken
Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
Die Armee konnte die Rebellion schnell unterdrücken.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

gespenstisch
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
Das alte Herrenhaus hatte nachts eine gespenstische Atmosphäre.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/

sterling

britische Währung / ausgezeichnet
Meaning
British money, especially pounds; of excellent quality.
Example
She was praised for her sterling work on the project.
Sie wurde für ihre ausgezeichnete Arbeit am Projekt gelobt.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪ.biːz/

Scabies

Krätze
Meaning
a contagious skin disease caused by mites that causes intense itching
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with scabies after examining the rash.
Der Arzt diagnostizierte bei ihm Krätze nach der Untersuchung des Ausschlags.
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

sekte
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
Die Gruppe spaltete sich aufgrund von doktrinären Unterschieden in verschiedene Sekten.
C1 noun /ˈsiːskeɪp/

seascape

Meereslandschaft
Meaning
A view or painting of the sea.
Example
The artist painted a beautiful seascape at sunset.
Der Künstler malte eine schöne Meereslandschaft bei Sonnenuntergang.
C1 noun /ˌsɒl.jʊˈbɪləti/

solubility

Löslichkeit
Meaning
The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
Example
The solubility of salt in water is high.
Die Löslichkeit von Salz in Wasser ist hoch.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛreɪtɪd/

serrated

gezackt
Meaning
Having a notched or saw-toothed edge.
Example
The bread knife had a serrated blade.
Das Brotmesser hatte eine gezackte Klinge.
C1 noun ˌsʌb.sɪ.dɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

subsidization

Subvention
Meaning
Financial assistance provided by government to make certain goods or services more affordable.
Example
Subsidization of agriculture helps farmers maintain crop production.
Die Subvention der Landwirtschaft hilft den Landwirten, die Ernteproduktion aufrechtzuerhalten.
C1 verb /ˈsnɪkər/

snicker

leise lachen
Meaning
to laugh quietly in a disrespectful or mocking way
Example
The students snickered when the teacher made a mistake.
Die Schüler kicherten, als der Lehrer einen Fehler machte.
C1 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/

Supersonic

schneller als die Schallgeschwindigkeit; im Zusammenhang mit Geschwindigkeiten, die größer als die Schallgeschwindigkeit sind
Meaning
faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound
Example
The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier.
Das Überschallflugzeug durchbrach die Schallmauer.
C1 adjective /snaɪd/

snide

spöttisch
Meaning
mocking or insulting in an indirect way
Example
He couldn’t resist making a snide comment about her dress.
Er konnte nicht anders, als einen spöttischen Kommentar über ihr Kleid zu machen.
C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

verfeinern
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
Reisen ins Ausland half, seine Weltanschauung zu verfeinern.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪp.ɡəʊt/

Scapegoat

Sündenbock
Meaning
a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others
Example
He became the scapegoat for the team's poor performance.
Er wurde zum Sündenbock für die schlechte Leistung des Teams.
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

das Besitzen von Vermögenswerten, die größer als Verbindlichkeiten sind; Fähigkeit, Schulden zu begleichen
Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
Die Solvabilität des Unternehmens verbesserte sich nach der Umstrukturierung.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

Schwesterhood
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
Die feministische Bewegung schuf ein starkes Gefühl von Schwesterhood unter Frauen.
C1 noun /sɪˈkriː.ʃən/

Secretion

Sekretion
Meaning
a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell or gland
Example
Insulin secretion is crucial for blood sugar regulation.
Die Insulinsekretion ist entscheidend für die Regulierung des Blutzuckers.
C1 noun /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/

shaving

Rasieren
Meaning
the act of removing hair with a razor; a thin strip or piece shaved from something
Example
He bought a new cream for shaving.
Er kaufte eine neue Creme zum Rasieren.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

untergeordnet
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Er verwaltet zehn Untergebene in seiner Abteilung.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

saisonbedingt
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
Der saisonbedingte Regen half den Bauern bei ihren Ernten.
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

sitar
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
Das Sitar erzeugt wunderschöne Ragas in der indischen klassischen Musik.
C1 adjective /səkˈsɪŋkt/

succinct

prägnant
Meaning
Briefly and clearly expressed; characterized by clear, precise expression in few words.
Example
His speech was succinct and impactful.
Seine Rede war prägnant und wirkungsvoll.
C1 adjective /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

stringent

streng
Meaning
strict, precise, and exacting
Example
The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis.
Die Regierung verhängte strenge Maßnahmen während der Krise.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

Stratosphäre
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
Die Stratosphäre bietet eine einzigartige Umgebung.
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

schrumpfen
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
Die Blumen schrumpften unter der heißen Sonne.
C1 noun /ˈswiːt.miːt/

Sweetmeat

süßes Gebäck
Meaning
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
Example
The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival.
Die Kinder genossen die traditionellen Süßigkeiten während des Festivals.
C1 verb /stoʊk/

stoke

das Feuer schüren; ein starkes Gefühl oder eine Aktivität anregen oder verstärken
Meaning
To add fuel to a fire; to encourage or increase a strong feeling or activity.
Example
The politician’s speech stoked anger among the crowd.
Die Rede des Politikers entfachte Zorn unter der Menge.
C1 noun /səbˈmɪtəl/

submittal

einreichung
Meaning
the act of submitting something, especially a document for consideration or approval
Example
The contractor sent the submittal to the client for approval.
Der Auftragnehmer schickte die Einreichung zur Genehmigung an den Kunden.
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

Glück
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrəɡət/

surrogate

Surrogat
Meaning
A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
Example
The surrogate mother gave birth to the child after carrying it for nine months.
Die Leihmutter brachte das Kind nach neun Monaten zur Welt, nachdem sie es neun Monate lang getragen hatte.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

Stigma
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
Es gibt immer noch ein Stigma im Zusammenhang mit psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen in vielen Gesellschaften.
C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

Symbolismus
Meaning
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example
The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.
Die Verwendung von Symbolismus in dem Roman ist meisterhaft.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

Schablone
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
Der Künstler benutzte eine Schablone, um identische Sterne an die Wand zu malen.
C1 noun /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

supposition

Annahme
Meaning
An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.
Example
His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.
Sein Plan basierte auf der Annahme, dass sich der Markt schnell erholen würde.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

Glück
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

verschieden
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
Der Laden verkauft Früchte, Kleidung und verschiedene Artikel.
C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

nachhaltige Technologie
Meaning
Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
Example
Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.
Nachhaltige Technologie gewährleistet eine sauberere Zukunft.
C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

abkratzen
Meaning
to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing
Example
He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.
Er hat seine Schuhe auf dem Bürgersteig abgewetzt.
C1 noun /ˈskrɪmɪdʒ/

scrimmage

Trainingsspiel
Meaning
A practice game or informal match, often in sports, especially football.
Example
The team had a scrimmage before the official season started.
Das Team hatte ein Trainingsspiel, bevor die offizielle Saison begann.
C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

Sonnenwende
Meaning
the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)
Example
People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.
Menschen feiern die Sommersonnenwende mit Festivals und Ritualen.
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

salinität, salzkonzentration
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
Die Salinität des Ozeans variiert je nach Tiefe und Standort.
C1 adjective /ˈstɒdʒi/

stodgy

schwerfällig, altmodisch
Meaning
Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.
Example
The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake.
Die Vorlesung war so schwerfällig, dass viele Studenten Schwierigkeiten hatten, wach zu bleiben.
C1 noun /sərˈveɪər/

surveyor

Vermesser
Meaning
A person who measures and maps land, buildings, or other features.
Example
The surveyor measured the land for construction.
Der Vermesser maß das Land für den Bau.