irritancy
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C2 noun /ˈɪrɪtənsi/

irritancy

Reizbarkeit
Meaning
the quality or state of causing irritation; legal or formal invalidation
Example
The constant noise became an irritancy to the neighbors.
Der ständige Lärm wurde zu einer Reizbarkeit für die Nachbarn.
C2 verb /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪt/

inebriate

betrinken
Meaning
to intoxicate; to make someone drunk
Example
The strong wine was enough to inebriate even the most experienced drinker.
Der starke Wein war genug, um sogar den erfahrensten Trinker zu betrunken.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkoʊˈɜːrsəbl̩/

incoercible

unbezwingbar
Meaning
Not capable of being forced, compelled, or restrained.
Example
Her incoercible spirit inspired others to fight for justice.
Ihr unbezwingbarer Geist inspirierte andere, für Gerechtigkeit zu kämpfen.
C2 conjunction /ˌɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz/

inasmuch-as

da
Meaning
Because; since.
Example
He cannot attend, inasmuch as he is unwell.
Er kann nicht teilnehmen, da er krank ist.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈklɛmɛnt/

inclement

unbeständiges Wetter
Meaning
unpleasantly cold, wet, or stormy (usually weather)
Example
The match was canceled due to inclement weather.
Das Spiel wurde wegen des schlechten Wetters abgesagt.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkrɪˈdjuːləti/

incredulity

Unglauben
Meaning
the state of being unwilling or unable to believe something
Example
She looked at him with incredulity after hearing the strange story.
Sie sah ihn mit Unglauben an, nachdem sie die seltsame Geschichte gehört hatte.
C2 verb /ɪmˈbruː/

imbrue

beflecken
Meaning
To stain, especially with blood.
Example
His hands were imbrued with blood after the battle.
Seine Hände waren nach der Schlacht mit Blut befleckt.
C2 noun /ˌɪmpəˈtjuːəsəti/

impetuosity

Impulsivität
Meaning
The quality of being rash or impulsive.
Example
His impetuosity often got him into trouble.
Seine Impetuosität brachte ihn oft in Schwierigkeiten.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɜːrstɪs/

interstice

Spalt
Meaning
a small space that lies between things
Example
Light filtered through the narrow interstices of the wall.
Das Licht filterte durch die schmalen Spalten der Wand.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪzər/

incisor

Schneidezahn
Meaning
a narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting
Example
The dentist noted that his upper left incisor was chipped.
Der Zahnarzt stellte fest, dass sein oberer linker Schneidezahn abgebrochen war.
C2 noun /ɪnˈkɒnstənsi/

inconstancy

Inkonstanz
Meaning
The quality of changing frequently or being unreliable.
Example
The inconstancy of the weather makes planning difficult.
Die Inkonstanz des Wetters erschwert die Planung.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpaɪ.ə.ti/

Impiety

Gottlosigkeit
Meaning
lack of piety or reverence, especially for a god; disrespect or irreverence toward religious matters
Example
His impiety shocked the religious community when he mocked their sacred ceremonies.
Seine Gottlosigkeit schockierte die religiöse Gemeinschaft, als er sich über ihre heiligen Zeremonien lustig machte.
C2 verb /aɪˈdɒləˌtraɪz/

idolatrize

verehren
Meaning
To worship idols; to regard with excessive devotion or admiration.
Example
They began to idolatrize the statue as a deity.
Sie begannen, die Statue wie eine Gottheit zu verehren.
C2 noun /ˌɪlɪbəˈræləti/

illiberality

Intoleranz
Meaning
The quality of being illiberal; lack of tolerance or generosity.
Example
The illiberality of the new laws alarmed the citizens.
Die Illiberalität der neuen Gesetze alarmierte die Bürger.
C2 noun /ɪnˌtɜːrpəˈleɪʃən/

interpolation

Interpolation
Meaning
The act of inserting something into a text or estimating values within a sequence of data.
Example
The scientist used interpolation to predict the missing data points.
Der Wissenschaftler verwendete Interpolation, um die fehlenden Datenpunkte vorherzusagen.
C2 noun /ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi/

idiosyncrasy

Idiosynkrasie
Meaning
A distinctive or peculiar characteristic, habit, or mannerism unique to an individual.
Example
One of her idiosyncrasies was humming while working.
Eine ihrer Idiosynkrasien war es, beim Arbeiten zu summen.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɪpiənt/

incipient

incipient
Meaning
in an initial stage; beginning to develop
Example
The incipient storm made the sky turn dark and heavy.
Der incipiente Sturm ließ den Himmel dunkel und schwer werden.
C2 noun /ɪmp/

imp

kleiner schelmischer Teufel
Meaning
a small mischievous devil or sprite; a playful troublemaker
Example
The child was acting like a little imp, hiding his toys everywhere.
Das Kind benahm sich wie ein kleiner Teufel, der seine Spielzeuge überall versteckte.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛndiˌɛri/

incendiary

brandstiftend / aufhetzend
Meaning
designed to cause fires or stir up conflict
Example
The politician’s incendiary remarks angered the crowd.
Die aufhetzenden Bemerkungen des Politikers brachten die Menge aufgebracht.
C2 noun /ˈænʒənuː/

ingenue

unschuldige junge Frau
Meaning
an innocent, naïve young woman, especially as represented in literature or theater
Example
She played the role of the ingénue in the play with great charm.
Sie spielte die Rolle der unschuldigen jungen Frau im Stück mit viel Charme.
C2 noun /ˈɪkθiəˌsɔːrz/

ichthyosaurs

Ichtiosaurier (eine Art ausgestorbener Meeresechse)
Meaning
Extinct marine reptiles that resembled fish and dolphins, dominant during the Mesozoic era.
Example
Ichthyosaurs were swift predators of the ancient seas.
Ichtiosaurier waren schnelle Raubtiere der alten Meere.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsənt/

incandescent

glühend
Meaning
emitting light as a result of being heated; extremely bright or passionate
Example
The incandescent lamp lit up the entire hall.
Die glühende Lampe erleuchtete den gesamten Raum.
C2 noun /ˈɪndələns/

indolence

Indolenz
Meaning
Avoidance of activity or exertion; laziness.
Example
His indolence kept him from finishing the project on time.
Seine Indolenz hinderte ihn daran, das Projekt rechtzeitig abzuschließen.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.səˌbɑːr/

isobar

Isobar
Meaning
A line on a weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.
Example
The meteorologist explained how isobars indicate wind speed and direction.
Der Meteorologe erklärte, wie Isobaren die Windgeschwindigkeit und -richtung anzeigen.
C2 noun /ˈaɪdlər/

idler

Faulenzer
Meaning
A person who avoids work or spends time lazily.
Example
He was known as an idler who wasted his days.
Er war bekannt als ein Faulenzer, der seine Tage verschwendete.
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

invocation

Anrufung
Meaning
the act of calling upon a higher power for help, blessing, or inspiration
Example
The ceremony began with an invocation to the gods.
Die Zeremonie begann mit einer Anrufung der Götter.
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːnd/

importuned

aufdringlich bitten
Meaning
asked someone persistently and pressingly for something
Example
She importuned her boss for a raise until he finally gave in.
Sie bat aufdringlich um eine Gehaltserhöhung bei ihrem Chef, bis er schließlich nachgab.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl/

inessential

unwesentlich
Meaning
not necessary or important; not essential
Example
The report removes all inessential details to stay focused.
Der Bericht entfernt alle unwesentlichen Details, um fokussiert zu bleiben.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

Ohnmacht, Unfähigkeit
Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
Die Ohnmacht der Regierung angesichts der Krise frustrierte die Bevölkerung.
C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

Zwischenfruchtanbau
Meaning
The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.
Example
Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.
Der Zwischenfruchtanbau kann helfen, die Bodenfruchtbarkeit und die Schädlingsbekämpfung zu verbessern.
C2 adjective /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

itinerant

reisend
Meaning
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or duty.
Example
The itinerant teacher moved from village to village to educate children.
Der reisende Lehrer zog von Dorf zu Dorf, um Kinder zu unterrichten.
C2 adjective ɪnˈfiː.zə.bəl

infeasible

unpraktikabel
Meaning
Not possible to do easily or conveniently; impracticable.
Example
Restoring the forest may become infeasible if destruction continues.
Die Wiederherstellung des Waldes kann unpraktikabel werden, wenn die Zerstörung fortsetzt.
C2 noun /ɪˈrɛvərəns/

irreverence

Irreverenz
Meaning
a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously
Example
His jokes about religion showed irreverence to the sacred traditions.
Seine Witze über Religion zeigten Irreverenz gegenüber den heiligen Traditionen.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒvɪdənt/

improvident

unbedacht
Meaning
Not having or showing foresight; spending wastefully or without thought for the future.
Example
His improvident habits left him with no savings.
Seine unbedachten Gewohnheiten ließen ihn ohne Ersparnisse zurück.
C2 adjective /ˈɪm.pi.əs/

Impious

gotteslästerlich; ungläubig
Meaning
irreligious; lacking reverence for religion; blasphemous
Example
The impious act shocked the religious community.
Die gotteslästerliche Handlung schockierte die religiöse Gemeinschaft.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈsɜːrnəbl/

indiscernible

undurchsichtig
Meaning
Impossible or difficult to see, notice, or distinguish.
Example
The difference between the two shades was almost indiscernible.
Der Unterschied zwischen den beiden Farbtönen war fast undurchsichtig.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbl̩/

irreproachable

tadellos
Meaning
Beyond criticism; faultless.
Example
The judge was known for his irreproachable integrity.
Der Richter war bekannt für seine tadellose Integrität.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəˈməʊdiəs/

incommodious

ungemütlich
Meaning
Uncomfortably small, cramped, or inconvenient.
Example
We had to stay in an incommodious room during the trip.
Wir mussten während der Reise in einem ungemütlichen Zimmer bleiben.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnæprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

inapprehensible

unverständlich
Meaning
not understandable; incomprehensible
Example
The concept was so abstract that it seemed inapprehensible to most students.
Das Konzept war so abstrakt, dass es für die meisten Studenten unverständlich schien.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒntɪnənt/

incontinent

inkontinent
Meaning
lacking control over urination or defecation; lacking self-restraint
Example
The patient was incontinent after surgery.
Der Patient war nach der Operation inkontinent.
C2 noun (compound/erroneous entry) /ɪnˈɛksərəbl ɑːrmi/

inexorableinexorablearmy

unaufhaltsame Armee
Meaning
This appears to be a corrupted or concatenated form; interpreted as 'inexorable army' — an unstoppable or relentless force.
Example
The rebels feared the inexorable army approaching their stronghold.
Die Rebellen fürchteten die unaufhaltsame Armee, die sich ihrer Festung näherte.
C2 noun /ɪˈluːmɪnənt/

illuminant

Beleuchtung
Meaning
A substance or device that produces light.
Example
The lamp acted as an illuminant in the dark cave.
Die Lampe fungierte als Beleuchtung in der dunklen Höhle.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈɡreʃ.ən/

introgression

genetische Introgression
Meaning
The transfer of genetic information from one species to another through repeated backcrossing.
Example
Introgression plays a significant role in plant breeding.
Introgression spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Pflanzenzucht.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈprɛsəbl/

incompressible

uncompressibel
Meaning
Not able to be pressed or squeezed into a smaller space.
Example
Liquids are generally considered incompressible.
Flüssigkeiten gelten im Allgemeinen als uncompressibel.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɒktrɪˌneɪt/

indoctrinate

indoktrinieren
Meaning
To teach someone to fully accept a set of beliefs or ideas without question.
Example
The regime tried to indoctrinate the youth with propaganda.
Das Regime versuchte, die Jugend mit Propaganda zu indoktrinieren.
C2 verb /ɪnˈhjuːm/

inhume

begraben
Meaning
to bury a dead body in the ground
Example
They inhumed the warrior with full honors.
Sie begruben den Krieger mit voller Ehre.
C2 noun /ɪˈreɪdiəns/

irradiance

Strahlung
Meaning
the quality of shining brightly; the intensity of light falling on a surface
Example
The irradiance of the sun at noon was overwhelming.
Die Strahlung der Sonne zur Mittagszeit war überwältigend.
C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

Unbeweglichkeit
Meaning
The state of being unable to move.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.
Nach dem Unfall litt sie an Unbeweglichkeit in ihren Beinen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfəˈlɪsɪtəs/

infelicitous

unangemessen
Meaning
not suitable or well chosen; awkward or unfortunate
Example
His infelicitous remark ruined the atmosphere of the meeting.
Seine unangemessene Bemerkung ruinierte die Atmosphäre des Treffens.
C2 verb /ˈɪmprɛɡneɪt/

impregnate

durchtränken / schwängern
Meaning
To make pregnant; to fill or saturate with something.
Example
The scientist used a method to impregnate the material with resin.
Der Wissenschaftler verwendete eine Methode, um das Material mit Harz zu imprägnieren.
C2 noun /ˈɪsməs/ or /ˈɪsθməs/

isthmus

Isthmus
Meaning
A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas, often with water on either side.
Example
The Panama Canal cuts through the Isthmus of Panama.
Der Panamakanal verläuft durch den Isthmus von Panama.
C2 noun /ɪnˈhɪərəns/

inherence

Inhärenz
Meaning
The state of being an essential or permanent part of something.
Example
The inherence of risk is part of every business venture.
Das Inherente Risiko ist Teil jedes geschäftlichen Vorhabens.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪələbl/

inviolable

unverletzlich
Meaning
never to be broken, dishonored, or violated
Example
Human rights are considered inviolable in modern democracies.
Menschenrechte gelten in modernen Demokratien als unverletzlich.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

zurechnen
Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
Sie imputierten den Erfolg des Unternehmens auf gute Führung.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɪsəbl/

immiscible

unlöslich
Meaning
Describes liquids that do not mix together.
Example
Oil and water are immiscible liquids.
Öl und Wasser sind unlösliche Flüssigkeiten.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.təˈvɛn.ʃə.nɪ.zəm/

interventionism

Interventionismus
Meaning
Government policy of active involvement in economic affairs.
Example
The central bank's interventionism helped stabilize inflation.
Der Interventionismus der Zentralbank half, die Inflation zu stabilisieren.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈskruːtəbl̩/

inscrutable

Glück
Meaning
impossible to understand or interpret
Example
His inscrutable expression made it hard to know what he was thinking.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

reizbar
Meaning
Easily angered; quick-tempered.
Example
His irascible nature often got him into trouble.
Sein reizbares Wesen brachte ihn oft in Schwierigkeiten.
C2 noun /ɪmˌpɜːrtərbəˈbɪləti/

imperturbability

Unerschütterlichkeit
Meaning
The quality of being calm and not easily disturbed or upset.
Example
Her imperturbability during the crisis impressed everyone.
Ihre Unerschütterlichkeit während der Krise beeindruckte alle.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkənˈɡruːəti/

incongruity

Inkongruenz
Meaning
The state of being inconsistent or out of place.
Example
The incongruity of his cheerful mood during the funeral shocked everyone.
Die Inkongruenz seiner fröhlichen Stimmung während der Beerdigung erschreckte alle.
C2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətəri/

interrogatory

interrogativ
Meaning
expressed in the form of a question; relating to questioning
Example
The lawyer’s interrogatory tone made the witness uncomfortable.
Der interrogative Ton des Anwalts machte den Zeugen unwohl.
C2 noun /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti/

insularity

Insularität
Meaning
The state of being isolated or narrow-minded.
Example
The insularity of the group prevented them from accepting new ideas.
Die Insularität der Gruppe verhinderte es, neue Ideen zu akzeptieren.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs/

irreligious

gotteslästerlich
Meaning
Indifferent or hostile to religion
Example
Some people in the community consider him irreligious because he never attends religious services.
Einige Menschen in der Gemeinschaft betrachten ihn als gottlos, weil er nie religiösen Gottesdiensten beiwohnt.
C2 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/

ideation

Der Prozess der Bildung und Entwicklung neuer Ideen oder Konzepte durch kreatives Denken und Brainstorming.
Meaning
The process of forming and developing new ideas or concepts through creative thinking and brainstorming.
Example
The team engaged in ideation sessions to generate new product ideas.
Das Team nahm an Ideations-Sitzungen teil, um neue Produktideen zu entwickeln.
C2 adjective /ˈɪmənənt/

immanent

immanent
Meaning
existing or operating within; inherent
Example
He believed that moral values are immanent in human nature.
Er glaubte, dass moralische Werte in der menschlichen Natur immanent sind.
C2 noun /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtər/

inquisitor

Inquisitor
Meaning
A person who asks many questions, often in an official or harsh manner.
Example
The inquisitor demanded detailed answers from the witness.
Der Inquisitor forderte detaillierte Antworten vom Zeugen.
C2 noun /ˌɪndɛnˈteɪʃən/

indentation

Einzug
Meaning
A space left at the beginning of a line of text; a notch or deep recess on a surface.
Example
The teacher asked the students to use proper indentation in their essays.
Der Lehrer bat die Schüler, die richtige Einrückung in ihren Aufsätzen zu verwenden.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/

impend

drohen
Meaning
to be about to happen; to loom threateningly
Example
Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.
Dunkle Wolken deuteten darauf hin, dass ein Sturm bevorstand.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/

invective

beleidigende Sprache
Meaning
Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.
Example
The politician’s speech was filled with invective against his opponents.
Die Rede des Politikers war voller beleidigender Sprache gegen seine Gegner.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

indivertible

unablenkbar
Meaning
Not able to be turned aside or diverted.
Example
The judge's indivertible attention was on the case.
Die unablenkbare Aufmerksamkeit des Richters war auf den Fall gerichtet.
C2 adjective /ɪnhɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

Inharmonious

disharmonisch
Meaning
lacking harmony; discordant in sound; not in tune
Example
The inharmonious sounds from the broken piano made everyone cover their ears.
Die disharmonischen Geräusche vom kaputten Klavier zwangen alle, sich die Ohren zuzuhalten.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.kɒn/

ikon

religiöses Bild oder Symbol
Meaning
A religious image or symbol, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Example
The church displayed a beautifully painted ikon of the Virgin Mary.
Die Kirche zeigte ein wunderschön gemaltes Ikon der Jungfrau Maria.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌloʊpər/

interloper

Störenfried
Meaning
A person who becomes involved in a situation or place where they are not wanted.
Example
He felt like an interloper at the private family gathering.
Er fühlte sich wie ein Störenfried bei der privaten Familienversammlung.
C2 verb ˈɪn.kʌl.keɪt

inculcate

einpflanzen
Meaning
Instill an attitude, idea, or habit by persistent instruction; to teach and impress by frequent repetitions.
Example
Parents should inculcate good values in their children.
Eltern sollten ihren Kindern gute Werte einpflanzen.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

unalienierbar
Meaning
Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.
Example
Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.
Die Meinungsfreiheit ist ein unalienierbares Recht.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs/

iniquitous

ungerechts
Meaning
grossly unfair and morally wrong
Example
Slavery was one of the most iniquitous practices in history.
Sklaverei war eine der ungerechtesten Praktiken in der Geschichte.
C2 adjective /ˈɪkθiɪk/

ichthyic

ichthyisch
Meaning
Relating to or resembling fish.
Example
The artist's painting had an ichthyic quality.
Das Gemälde des Künstlers hatte eine ichthyische Qualität.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfriːkwəns/

infrequence

Seltenheit
Meaning
The state of occurring rarely or at long intervals.
Example
The infrequence of their meetings made it hard to maintain close ties.
Die Seltenheit ihrer Treffen erschwerte es, enge Beziehungen aufrechtzuerhalten.
C2 verb /ɪnˈveɪ/

inveigh

heftig kritisieren
Meaning
To speak or write about something with great hostility and criticism.
Example
He inveighed against the corruption in government.
Er kritisierte heftig die Korruption in der Regierung.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

aufdringlich
Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
Der aufdringliche Verkäufer rief immer wieder an, trotz wiederholter Ablehnungen.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪv dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si/

integrative diplomacy

Integrative Diplomatie
Meaning
A diplomatic approach that seeks to combine or coordinate different elements, interests, or parties into a unified whole.
Example
Integrative diplomacy strengthens alliances.
Integrative Diplomatie stärkt Allianzen.
C2 noun /ˈaɪsinəs/

iciness

Kälte
Meaning
The state of being cold in manner or temperature.
Example
There was a distinct iciness in his voice.
Es war eine deutliche Kälte in seiner Stimme.
C2 verb /ˈɪmprɪkeɪt/

imprecate

verfluchen
Meaning
To utter a curse or invoke evil upon someone.
Example
The old woman imprecated her enemies with dark words.
Die alte Frau verfluchte ihre Feinde mit dunklen Worten.
C2 noun /ɪnˈdɛntʃər/

indenture

Vertrag
Meaning
A formal legal agreement, contract, or document, often relating to work or service.
Example
In the 18th century, many workers came under indenture to work overseas.
Im 18. Jahrhundert kamen viele Arbeiter unter Vertrag, um im Ausland zu arbeiten.
C2 noun /ˌɪnəməˈrɑːtə/

inamorata

Geliebte
Meaning
A woman with whom someone is in love; a female lover.
Example
He wrote a poem dedicated to his inamorata.
Er schrieb ein Gedicht, das seiner Geliebten gewidmet war.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkɒntrəˈvɜːtəbl/

incontrovertible

unbestreitbar
Meaning
impossible to deny or dispute; unquestionable
Example
The evidence was incontrovertible and proved his innocence.
Die Beweise waren unbestreitbar und bewiesen seine Unschuld.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/

inimical

feindlich / ungünstig
Meaning
tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly or hostile
Example
The policy was inimical to the country's economic growth.
Die Politik war ungünstig für das Wirtschaftswachstum des Landes.
C2 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈnɑːti/

illuminati

illuminati
Meaning
a group of people claiming to have special enlightenment or secret knowledge, often linked to conspiracies
Example
Many conspiracy theories involve the Illuminati as a secret world-controlling group.
Viele Verschwörungstheorien beinhalten die Illuminaten als eine geheime, weltbeherrschende Gruppe.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈtriːvəbl/

irretrievable

unwiederbringlich
Meaning
impossible to recover or regain
Example
The documents were lost in an irretrievable way after the fire.
Die Dokumente wurden nach dem Brand auf unwiederbringliche Weise verloren.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛstɪməbl/

inestimable

unermesslich
Meaning
Too great or valuable to be measured or estimated.
Example
Her contribution to the project was of inestimable value.
Ihr Beitrag zum Projekt war von unermesslichem Wert.
C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈmɑːtər/

imprimatur

Imprimatur
Meaning
An official license or approval, especially to publish a book.
Example
The book was released with the official imprimatur of the church.
Das Buch wurde mit dem offiziellen Imprimatur der Kirche veröffentlicht.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdərət/

immoderate

immoderat
Meaning
excessive; beyond reasonable limits
Example
He has an immoderate love for sweets.
Er hat eine immoderate Liebe zu Süßigkeiten.
C2 verb ɪmˈbaɪb

imbibe

aufnehmen, assimilieren, trinken
Meaning
Absorb or assimilate ideas or knowledge. To drink or take in.
Example
He tried to imbibe the wisdom from his mentor.
Er versuchte, die Weisheit von seinem Mentor aufzunehmen.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪdəˈlɑːtrɪəs/

idolatrious

götzenverehrend
Meaning
Excessively devoted or reverent towards idols or false gods.
Example
The ancient tribe was known for its idolatrious practices.
Der alte Stamm war für seine götzendienstlichen Praktiken bekannt.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvaɪtər/

invitor

Einladender
Meaning
a person who invites someone to an event, meeting, or place
Example
The invitor greeted all the guests warmly at the entrance.
Der Einladende begrüßte die Gäste am Eingang.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɛɡnəbl̩/

impregnable

uneinnehmbar
Meaning
Unable to be captured, broken into, or defeated.
Example
The fortress was considered impregnable by the enemy.
Die Festung wurde vom Feind als uneinnehmbar angesehen.
C2 adjective /ˈɪl bred/

Ill-bred

ungezogen
Meaning
lacking good manners; rude; showing poor upbringing
Example
His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.
Sein ungezogenes Benehmen schockierte alle auf der Dinnerparty.
C2 noun /ˌɪmpjuˈteɪʃən/

imputation

Imputation
Meaning
an accusation or attribution of blame
Example
The politician denied the imputation of corruption.
Der Politiker bestritt die Imputation der Korruption.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈlʌk.tə.bəl/

ineluctable

unvermeidlich
Meaning
Impossible to avoid or escape; inevitable.
Example
Death is an ineluctable part of human existence.
Der Tod ist ein unvermeidlicher Bestandteil der menschlichen Existenz.
C2 noun /ɪnˈɡrætɪˌtjuːd/

ingratitude

Undankbarkeit
Meaning
Lack of gratitude; failure to show thanks or appreciation.
Example
His ingratitude hurt her feelings after all she had done for him.
Seine Undankbarkeit tat ihr weh, nachdem sie so viel für ihn getan hatte.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpruːdənt/

imprudent

unbedacht
Meaning
Not showing care for the consequences of an action.
Example
It was imprudent to drive in such stormy weather.
Es war unbedacht, bei solchem Sturmwetter zu fahren.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈpɔːrtəbl̩/

insupportable

unerträglich
Meaning
Too extreme or difficult to be endured.
Example
The heat was insupportable during the long journey.
Die Hitze war unerträglich während der langen Reise.
C2 noun /ɪˌledʒ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Illegibility

Unleserlichkeit
Meaning
the quality of being impossible or difficult to read; unclear writing or print
Example
The doctor's handwriting was famous for its illegibility among the pharmacy staff.
Die Handschrift des Arztes war berüchtigt für ihre Unleserlichkeit unter dem Apothekenpersonal.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɔːˈspɪʃəs/

Inauspicious

unglücklich
Meaning
unlucky; showing signs that future success is unlikely; unfavorable
Example
The dark clouds seemed inauspicious for the wedding.
Die dunklen Wolken schienen für die Hochzeit ungünstig.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruənt/

incongruent

inkongruent
Meaning
Not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects.
Example
His casual outfit looked incongruent at the formal dinner.
Sein lässiges Outfit sah bei dem formellen Abendessen inkongruent aus.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːr/

inter

beerdigen
Meaning
To bury a dead body in the ground.
Example
They decided to inter the soldier with full honors.
Sie beschlossen, den Soldaten mit allen Ehren zu beerdigen.
C2 verb /ɪˈnjʊər/

inure

gewöhnen
Meaning
To become accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
Soldiers quickly became inured to the harsh conditions.
Soldaten gewöhnten sich schnell an die harten Bedingungen.
C2 verb /ɪnˈsteɪt/

instate

einsetzen
Meaning
To set up in position, office, or authority.
Example
The board decided to instate her as the new director.
Der Vorstand entschied, sie als neue Direktorin zu installieren.
C2 noun /aɪˈoʊtə/

iota

ein winziger Betrag
Meaning
An extremely small amount.
Example
He did not show an iota of fear.
Er zeigte keinen winzigen Anflug von Angst.
C2 verb /ˈɪməleɪt/

immolate

immolieren
Meaning
To kill or sacrifice, especially by burning.
Example
The protesters threatened to immolate themselves in front of the building.
Die Demonstranten drohten, sich vor dem Gebäude zu immolieren.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

innere Bedeutung
Meaning
The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.
Example
The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.
Die Intension des Wortes 'Hund' umfasst, ein Säugetier und domestiziert zu sein.
C2 verb /ˈɪntərˌdɪkt/

interdict

verbieten
Meaning
to prohibit or forbid something by authoritative order, often by law or decree
Example
The court moved to interdict the sale of the illegal goods.
Das Gericht beschloss, den Verkauf der illegalen Waren zu verbieten.
C2 noun /ɪnˌtɛl.ɪˈdʒɛntsi.ə/

intelligentsia

Intelligenzija
Meaning
The group of people engaged in intellectual and cultural pursuits in a society.
Example
The intelligentsia played a key role in shaping public opinion.
Die Intelligenzija spielte eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Bildung der öffentlichen Meinung.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplækəbl/

implacable

unversöhnlich
Meaning
unable to be appeased, calmed, or pacified
Example
The soldiers faced an implacable enemy who refused to surrender.
Die Soldaten standen einem unversöhnlichen Feind gegenüber, der sich weigerte, sich zu ergeben.
C2 noun /ˈɪrɪɡənt/

irrigant

Bewässerungsflüssigkeit
Meaning
A liquid used for irrigation, especially in medical or agricultural contexts.
Example
The doctor used a sterile irrigant during the procedure.
Der Arzt verwendete während des Verfahrens ein steriles Bewässerungsflüssigkeit.
C2 verb /ɜːrk/

irk

ärgern
Meaning
to annoy or irritate someone
Example
It irks me when people are late without calling.
Es ärgert mich, wenn Leute ohne anzurufen zu spät kommen.
C2 noun /ɪˈmɒdəsti/

immodesty

Unbescheidenheit
Meaning
lack of modesty or decency; behavior or attitude that is overly bold or improper
Example
The article was criticized for its tone of immodesty.
Der Artikel wurde wegen seines Tons der Unbescheidenheit kritisiert.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnfəntaɪl/

infantile

kindlich
Meaning
characteristic of an infant; childish
Example
His infantile behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
Sein kindliches Verhalten peinigte alle in der Besprechung.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛsər/

intercessor

Vermittler
Meaning
a person who intervenes or pleads on behalf of another
Example
He acted as an intercessor to resolve the conflict between the two families.
Er trat als Vermittler auf, um den Konflikt zwischen den beiden Familien zu lösen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/

infinitesimal

unmerklich
Meaning
Extremely small in size or amount; so tiny as to be almost negligible.
Example
The error was so infinitesimal that it didn’t affect the results.
Der Fehler war so unmerklich, dass er die Ergebnisse nicht beeinflusste.
C2 noun /ˈɪnsələns/

insolence

Unverschämtheit
Meaning
rude or disrespectful behavior
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's insolence.
Der Lehrer war schockiert über die Unverschämtheit des Schülers.