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C1 verb /ɪnˈskraɪb/

inscribe

einritzen
Meaning
to write or carve words or symbols on a surface
Example
They inscribed her name on the trophy.
Sie haben ihren Namen auf dem Pokal eingraviert.
C1 adjective ɪˈluː.sər.i

illusory

illusorisch
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real although seeming to be.
Example
His sense of security was entirely illusory.
Sein Gefühl der Sicherheit war völlig illusorisch.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

auf sich nehmen
Meaning
To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.
Example
He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.
Er zog eine Strafe auf sich, weil er an der falschen Stelle parkte.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

unvergleichlich
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
Der Ausblick vom Berg war unvergleichlich.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɜːrʒən/

incursion

Invasion
Meaning
A sudden attack or invasion into a place or territory.
Example
The army repelled the enemy incursion at the border.
Die Armee schlug die feindliche Invasion an der Grenze zurück.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

unparteiisch; neutral
Meaning
treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral
Example
A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.
Ein guter Richter muss während des gesamten Prozesses unparteiisch bleiben.
C1 verb /ɪmˈplɔːr/

implore

bitten
Meaning
To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something.
Example
She implored him to stay with her.
Sie bat ihn verzweifelt, bei ihr zu bleiben.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improvisieren
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
Der Schauspieler musste seine Zeilen improvisieren, als er das Skript vergessen hatte.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔːri/

inflammatory

Glück
Meaning
causing inflammation in the body; arousing anger, hostility, or strong emotion
Example
His inflammatory speech triggered protests across the city.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

lebensloses Objekt
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
Das Museum war voller lebloser Objekte aus alten Zeiten.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflɛksəbl/

inflexible

unflexibel
Meaning
Not able to bend or change; unwilling to change ideas or behavior.
Example
His inflexible attitude made negotiations difficult.
Seine unflexible Haltung erschwerte die Verhandlungen.
C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

komplex
Meaning
very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand
Example
The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.
Der Künstler hat ein komplexes Muster an die Wand gemalt.
C1 noun /aɪl/

isle

kleine Insel
Meaning
A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.
Example
They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle.
Sie verbrachten ihre Hochzeitsreise auf einer wunderschönen tropischen Insel.
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

Unmittelbarkeit, Dringlichkeit
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
Die Unmittelbarkeit der digitalen Kommunikation hat die Geschäftsabläufe verändert.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən/

indigestion

Verdauungsstörung
Meaning
Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.
Example
He avoided spicy food because it often gave him indigestion.
Er vermied scharfes Essen, weil es ihm oft Verdauungsstörungen verursachte.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

Fleiß
Meaning
The quality of being hardworking and diligent.
Example
His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.
Sein Fleiß brachte ihm eine Beförderung bei der Arbeit ein.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

sich ausgeben als
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
Er wurde verhaftet, weil er versuchte, einen Polizisten zu impersonieren.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

Zwischenakt
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
Es gab ein kurzes musikalisches Intermezzo zwischen den beiden Akten des Stücks.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/

inoffensive

harmlos
Meaning
Not likely to offend or provoke; harmless.
Example
His inoffensive remarks kept the conversation friendly.
Seine harmlosen Bemerkungen hielten das Gespräch freundlich.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

interdisziplinär
Meaning
Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
Example
The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.
Der interdisziplinäre Ansatz in der Bildung fördert Problemlösungsfähigkeiten.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

unverzichtbare Kompetenz
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
Digitale Kompetenz ist eine unverzichtbare Kompetenz im 21. Jahrhundert.
C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

unbestimmt
Meaning
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
Example
The project has been postponed indefinitely.
Das Projekt wurde unbestimmt verschoben.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

verschuldet; dankbar
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
Ich bin meiner Lehrerin tief verbunden für ihre ganze Führung.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

makellos
Meaning
perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws
Example
Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.
Ihr Zimmer war makellos, alles war an seinem Platz.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

Anklageschrift
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
Die Anklageschrift beschuldigte das Unternehmen mehrfacher Verstöße.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

nachsichtig
Meaning
Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.
Example
The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.
Die nachsichtige Mutter ließ ihr Kind lange aufbleiben.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtruːd/

intrude

einmischen
Meaning
To enter a place or situation where one is not wanted or not invited.
Example
He felt embarrassed to intrude on their private conversation.
Er fühlte sich peinlich berührt, in ihr privates Gespräch einzutreten.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

Hindernisse
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.
Example
Economic impediments often hinder social development.
Wirtschaftliche Hindernisse behindern oft die soziale Entwicklung.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

unerschrocken
Meaning
fearless and adventurous, often used humorously
Example
The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.
Der unerschrockene Reisende erkundete den Dschungel alleine.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

Unvollständigkeit
Meaning
the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness
Example
The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.
Die Unvollständigkeit des Berichts verursachte Verzögerungen im Projekt.
C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

iterieren
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
Das Softwareteam wird das Design iterieren, bis es den Benutzeranforderungen entspricht.
C1 noun /ɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

imprisonment

Inhaftierung
Meaning
the act of putting someone in prison; the state of being confined as punishment
Example
He faced imprisonment for violating the court order.
Er musste wegen Missachtung der Gerichtsordnung mit Inhaftierung rechnen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

illegal
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
Die Polizei hat den illegalen Drogenhandel gestoppt.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːtʃ/

impeach

anklagen
Meaning
To charge a public official with misconduct while in office.
Example
The parliament voted to impeach the president.
Das Parlament stimmte ab, um den Präsidenten anzuklagen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

willkürlich
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
Der willkürliche Einsatz von Pestiziden schadet der Umwelt.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

entzündlich; brennbar
Meaning
easily set on fire; flammable; combustible
Example
The inflammable material caught fire quickly.
Das entzündliche Material brannte schnell.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbl̩/

inconceivable

unvorstellbar
Meaning
Impossible to imagine or believe; beyond comprehension.
Example
It seemed inconceivable that she could finish the marathon after such little training.
Es schien unvorstellbar, dass sie den Marathon nach so wenig Training beenden könnte.
C1 noun /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriəns/

inexperience

Unerfahrenheit
Meaning
Lack of knowledge or skill in a particular activity or field.
Example
His inexperience in handling negotiations was evident.
Seine Unerfahrenheit im Umgang mit Verhandlungen war offensichtlich.
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

eigenartig und individuell
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
Sein idiosynkratisches Verhalten unterschied ihn von seinen Kollegen.
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

unmerklich
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
Die Veränderungen in seinem Verhalten waren anfangs unmerklich.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

Invariable

unveränderlich; konstant; immer gleich
Meaning
never changing; constant; always the same
Example
His invariable routine includes morning exercise and coffee.
Seine unveränderliche Routine umfasst morgendliche Übungen und Kaffee.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

unverschämt, arrogant
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
Der unverschämte Schüler weigerte sich, den Anweisungen des Lehrers zu folgen.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪv/

impassive

passiv
Meaning
Not showing or feeling emotion; expressionless.
Example
Despite the shocking news, she remained impassive.
Trotz der schockierenden Nachrichten blieb sie passiv.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/

invincible

unbesiegbar
Meaning
too powerful to be defeated or overcome
Example
The team seemed invincible after winning ten matches in a row.
Das Team schien unbesiegbar, nachdem es zehn Spiele hintereinander gewonnen hatte.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs

ingenious

genial
Meaning
Showing inventiveness and skill; clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenious ideas transformed modern physics.
Seine genialen Ideen verwandelten die moderne Physik.
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

Eintauchen
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
Das Eintauchen in VR-Spiele lässt die Benutzer das Gefühl haben, als wären sie in der virtuellen Welt.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɛkəbl

impeccable

makellos
Meaning
In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.
Example
His impeccable taste in fashion was admired by all his peers.
Sein makelloser Geschmack in der Mode wurde von allen seinen Kollegen bewundert.
C1 noun /ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃən/

intimation

Andeutung
Meaning
A subtle or indirect hint or suggestion.
Example
She gave no intimation of her plans.
Sie gab keinen Hinweis auf ihre Pläne.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɛrənt/

inherent

innehrent
Meaning
Existing in something as a natural, permanent, or essential quality.
Example
There are inherent risks in extreme sports.
Es gibt inhärente Risiken bei Extremsportarten.
C1 noun /ɪnˈvɜːrʒən/

inversion

Inversion
Meaning
A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.
Example
In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis.
In der Poesie wird die Inversion oft verwendet, um Nachdruck zu verleihen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

instinktiv, natürlich, automatisch
Meaning
Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.
Example
His instinctive reaction saved his life.
Seine instinktive Reaktion rettete sein Leben.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/

Insomnia

Insomnie
Meaning
habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep; the condition of being unable to sleep
Example
Her chronic insomnia made it difficult for her to concentrate during work hours.
Ihre chronische Insomnie erschwerte es ihr, sich während der Arbeitszeit zu konzentrieren.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

anstacheln
Meaning
to provoke; to stir up
Example
His speech incited the crowd to violence.
Seine Rede hat die Menge zu Gewalt angestachelt.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪm/

inflame

entzünden
Meaning
to arouse strong feelings or provoke anger; to cause inflammation in the body
Example
The politician's remarks served to inflame public opinion.
Die Bemerkungen des Politikers haben dazu beigetragen, die öffentliche Meinung zu entflammen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈedəbəl/

Inedible

ungenießbar
Meaning
not suitable or safe for eating; not edible
Example
The mushrooms were poisonous and completely inedible.
Die Pilze waren giftig und völlig ungenießbar.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæʃənd/

impassioned

leidenschaftlich
Meaning
Filled with or showing great emotion.
Example
She gave an impassioned speech about human rights.
Sie hielt eine leidenschaftliche Rede über Menschenrechte.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

Pause
Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
Das Stück hatte eine zwanzigminütige Pause.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

indiskriminierend
Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
Das Unternehmen entließ die Mitarbeiter ohne Rücksicht auf ihre Leistung.
C1 noun /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/

inkling

Ahnung
Meaning
A slight idea, hint, or suspicion about something.
Example
She had an inkling that he was planning a surprise.
Sie hatte einen leichten Verdacht, dass er eine Überraschung plante.
C1 noun /ɪˈreləvəns/

irrelevance

Irrelevanz
Meaning
the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance
Example
His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue.
Seine lange Erklärung zeigte nur die Irrelevanz der Details für das Hauptthema.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

impoverish

verarmen
Meaning
To make someone poor or reduce the quality or richness of something.
Example
The long war impoverished the entire nation.
Der lange Krieg hat die ganze Nation verarmt.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsəbl/

insensible

bewusstlos
Meaning
Unconscious; unaware of or indifferent to something.
Example
He was insensible to the cold as he lay in the snow.
Er war gegen die Kälte insensibel, als er im Schnee lag.
C1 adjective /ˈaɪərnˌklæd/

ironclad

eiserne
Meaning
impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm
Example
The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers.
Das Unternehmen hatte einen eisernen Vertrag mit seinen Lieferanten.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

berüchtigt
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
Der Diktator war berüchtigt für seine Grausamkeit.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idyllisch und schön
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Sie genossen einen idyllischen Urlaub am Meer.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

unzerstörbar
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
Es wurde gesagt, dass das Schild des Superhelden unzerstörbar war.
C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

indikativ
Meaning
Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.
Example
His tone was indicative of his frustration.
Sein Ton war indikativ für seine Frustration.
C1 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

ideology

Ideologie
Meaning
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Example
Democracy is based on the ideology of freedom and equality.
Demokratie basiert auf der Ideologie von Freiheit und Gleichheit.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrɪmɪˌneɪt/

incriminate

belasten
Meaning
to make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing
Example
The new evidence could incriminate the suspect in the robbery case.
Die neuen Beweise könnten den Verdächtigen im Raubüberfallfall belasten.
C1 noun /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

insignificance

Bedeutungslosigkeit
Meaning
The quality of being unimportant or trivial.
Example
He felt a sense of insignificance in the vast universe.
Er fühlte ein Gefühl der Bedeutungslosigkeit im weiten Universum.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

Anreiz
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
Das Unternehmen bot einen Bonus als Anreiz für die Mitarbeiter an.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

ungeschickt
Meaning
lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent
Example
His inept handling of the situation made it worse.
Sein ungeschicktes Handling der Situation machte sie schlimmer.
C1 noun /ˈɪnflʌks/

influx

Zufluss
Meaning
A large arrival or flow of people or things.
Example
The city experienced an influx of tourists during the festival.
Die Stadt erlebte einen Zufluss von Touristen während des Festivals.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

idealistisch
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
Sie hat eine idealistische Sicht darauf, die Welt zu verändern.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/

impediment

Hindernis
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; something that prevents progress.
Example
Lack of funds is a major impediment to the project.
Der Mangel an Mitteln ist ein großes Hindernis für das Projekt.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

immateriell
Meaning
Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.
Example
Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.
Vertrauen ist eine immaterielle Eigenschaft in Beziehungen.
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

Import
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
Die Import von Luxusgütern ist streng reguliert.
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

infrastrukturelle Entwicklung
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
Infrastrukturelle Entwicklung ist notwendig für effizientes Recycling.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

introvertiert
Meaning
A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.
Example
As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.
Als Introvertierter bevorzugte er es, zu lesen, anstatt zu Partys zu gehen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdiːsənt/

indecent

unanständig
Meaning
not conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality; improper or offensive
Example
He was warned for making an indecent remark during the meeting.
Er wurde wegen einer unanständigen Bemerkung verwarnt.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

ingenuity

genialität
Meaning
The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenuity led to groundbreaking innovations.
Seine Ingenuität führte zu bahnbrechenden Innovationen.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

Ungehorsam
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
Der Soldat wurde für Ungehorsam während der Mission bestraft.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

unzertrennlich
Meaning
Unable to be separated or always together.
Example
The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.
Die beiden Freunde sind seit ihrer Kindheit unzertrennlich.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/

indignant

empört
Meaning
Feeling or showing anger at something considered unfair or unjust.
Example
She was indignant when accused of cheating.
Sie war empört, als sie des Schummelns beschuldigt wurde.
C1 noun ɪnˌɛv.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

inevitability

Unvermeidbarkeit
Meaning
The quality of being certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
Example
The inevitability of change is a part of life.
Die Unvermeidbarkeit des Wandels ist ein Teil des Lebens.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

anklagen
Meaning
to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime
Example
The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.
Das Großgericht entschied, den Politiker wegen Korruption anzuklagen.
C1 adverb /ˈɪnwərdli/

inwardly

innerlich
Meaning
In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.
Example
She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried.
Sie lächelte äußerlich, aber innerlich war sie besorgt.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

Unsterblichkeit
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
Viele alte Kulturen glaubten, dass Helden durch große Taten Unsterblichkeit erlangen können.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/

invasive

invasiv
Meaning
Tending to spread harmfully, intruding aggressively, or encroaching beyond proper boundaries.
Example
The doctor explained that the procedure was minimally invasive.
Der Arzt erklärte, dass das Verfahren minimal invasiv war.
C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

inzidenz
Meaning
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something
Example
The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.
Die Inzidenz von Straßenunfällen ist in diesem Jahr gesenkt worden.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɑːɡətɪv/

interrogative

interrogativ
Meaning
Relating to or conveying a question; in grammar, used to form questions.
Example
She raised an interrogative eyebrow when she heard the news.
Sie hob eine interrogative Augenbraue, als sie die Nachricht hörte.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

zwischen den Sternen, interstellar, kosmisch
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
Wissenschaftler untersuchen die Möglichkeiten der interstellaren Reisen.
C1 verb /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/

infiltrate

infiltrieren
Meaning
to secretly enter or gain access to a place or group
Example
The spies managed to infiltrate the enemy base.
Die Spione schafften es, die feindliche Basis zu infiltrieren.
C1 adjective /ˈɪrɪtəbl/

irritable

reizbar
Meaning
easily annoyed or made angry
Example
She became irritable after working long hours without rest.
Sie wurde reizbar, nachdem sie lange Stunden ohne Ruhe gearbeitet hatte.
C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

Ineffizienz
Meaning
The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.
Example
Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.
Regierungsineffizienz führt zu langsamer Projektfertigstellung.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərət/

inconsiderate

rücksichtslos
Meaning
Thoughtless; showing a lack of concern for others.
Example
It was inconsiderate of him to play loud music late at night.
Es war rücksichtslos von ihm, nachts laute Musik zu spielen.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

unwahrscheinlich
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
Es scheint unwahrscheinlich, dass er pünktlich ankommt.
C1 noun /ˌɪm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

Imposition

Auferlegung; Last; ungerechte Forderung
Meaning
the action or process of imposing something or of being imposed; an unfair burden or demand
Example
The imposition of new taxes without consultation angered the citizens greatly.
Die Auferlegung neuer Steuern ohne Beratung verärgerte die Bürger erheblich.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.lekt/

intellect

Intellekt
Meaning
The ability to think, reason, and understand objectively.
Example
Her intellect is admired by all her colleagues.
Ihr Intellekt wird von allen ihren Kollegen bewundert.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

nebenkosten
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Nebenkosten wie Snacks und Trinkgelder wurden in die Rechnung aufgenommen.
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

eingeweiht
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
Die Organisation wurde offiziell eingeweiht.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

Unverschämtheit
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
Der Lehrer war schockiert über die Unverschämtheit des Schülers.
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

Komplexität
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
Die Komplexität des Designs beeindruckte alle.
C1 adjective /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪ.tɪd/

inebriated

betrunken
Meaning
under the influence of alcohol; drunk
Example
He stumbled into the room completely inebriated.
Er stolperte betrunken ins Zimmer.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

insurmountable

unüberwindbar
Meaning
Too great to be overcome.
Example
The explorers faced insurmountable odds in the desert.
Die Entdecker standen im Wüstengebiet unüberwindbaren Hindernissen gegenüber.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səbˈstæn.ʃəl/

insubstantial

unwesentlich
Meaning
Lacking strength, substance, or solidity.
Example
The evidence provided was insubstantial and unconvincing.
Die bereitgestellten Beweise waren unwesentlich und wenig überzeugend.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

aufgeblasen
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
Das Unternehmen sah sich wegen seiner aufgeblasenen Preise Kritik ausgesetzt.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

Interoperabilität
Meaning
The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.
Example
The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.
Die Interoperabilität verschiedener Softwaresysteme gewährleistet einen nahtlosen Arbeitsablauf.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjuːz/

infuse

infundieren
Meaning
to fill or spread through something; to instill a quality, idea, or feeling
Example
The teacher tried to infuse her students with a love for reading.
Die Lehrerin versuchte, ihren Schülern eine Liebe zum Lesen zu infundieren.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.floʊ/

inflow

Zufluss
Meaning
The movement of things such as money, people, or water into a place.
Example
The inflow of tourists boosted the local economy.
Der Zufluss von Touristen hat die lokale Wirtschaft angekurbelt.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

introspektiv
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
Schriftsteller neigen dazu, hochgradig introspektive Individuen zu sein.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

impulsiv, spontan
Meaning
acting suddenly without careful thought
Example
She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.
Sie traf eine impulsive Entscheidung, das Auto zu kaufen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

unverständlich
Meaning
Impossible or very difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.
Die Vorlesung des Professors war so schnell, dass sie unverständlich wurde.
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpjəd(ə)nt/

impudent

frech, unverschämt
Meaning
not showing due respect for another person; rude
Example
The impudent child talked back to the teacher.
Das freche Kind antwortete dem Lehrer.
C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

Infiltration, heimlicher Zugang
Meaning
The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.
Example
Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.
Cybersicherheit verhindert die Infiltration in sensible Daten.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

irreparabel
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
Der Unfall verursachte irreparable Schäden an seiner Wirbelsäule.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɜː.sənˈeɪ.ʃən/

impersonation

Identitätsdiebstahl
Meaning
The action of pretending to be another person for the purpose of entertainment or fraud.
Example
Online impersonation is a serious cybercrime.
Online-Identitätsdiebstahl ist ein ernstes Cyberverbrechen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/

involuntary

unfreiwillig
Meaning
done without will or conscious control
Example
He gave an involuntary shiver when he heard the loud noise.
Er bekam einen unwillkürlichen Schauer, als er das laute Geräusch hörte.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

instruktiv
Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
Der Vortrag war sehr lehrreich und fesselnd.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Indignity

Indignität; Demütigung; Erniedrigung;
Meaning
treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame or loss of dignity; humiliation
Example
She refused to suffer the indignity of being searched without proper cause.
Sie weigerte sich, die Indignität zu ertragen, ohne einen triftigen Grund durchsucht zu werden.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

Unmöglichkeit
Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
Das Projekt an einem Tag zu beenden war eine Unmöglichkeit.