incognito
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C1 adverb, adjective /ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ/

incognito

inkognito
Meaning
In disguise or with one's identity concealed.
Example
The celebrity traveled incognito to avoid the paparazzi.
Der Promi reiste inkognito, um den Paparazzi zu entkommen.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

impoverish

verarmen
Meaning
To make someone poor or reduce the quality or richness of something.
Example
The long war impoverished the entire nation.
Der lange Krieg hat die ganze Nation verarmt.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

Aufständischer
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
Die Armee verhaftete mehrere Aufständische nach dem Angriff.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

imbed

einbetten
Meaning
To fix firmly or deeply in a surrounding mass.
Example
The journalist imbedded himself with the troops to report firsthand.
Der Journalist hat sich mit den Truppen eingebettet, um aus erster Hand zu berichten.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/

intoxicate

Glück
Meaning
to make someone lose control of their faculties or behavior due to alcohol or drugs
Example
The strong drink quickly intoxicated him.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlʌstriəs/

illustrious

berühmt
Meaning
Well known, respected, and admired for past achievements.
Example
She had an illustrious career in medicine.
Sie hatte eine berühmte Karriere in der Medizin.
C1 adjective /ɪˈneɪn/

inane

unsinnig, dumm
Meaning
lacking sense, meaning, or significance; silly or pointless
Example
The movie was criticized for its inane dialogue.
Der Film wurde für seine unsinnigen Dialoge kritisiert.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

der Prozess, Eier, Zellen oder Organismen unter den richtigen Bedingungen für die Entwicklung zu halten
Meaning
the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development
Example
The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.
Die Inkubation der Eier dauerte drei Wochen.
C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

Inaktivität
Meaning
the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action
Example
Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.
Längere Inaktivität kann die körperliche und geistige Gesundheit beeinträchtigen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

nachdrücklich
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
Das Kind war nachdrücklich, ein neues Spielzeug zu bekommen.
C1 noun /aɪˈtɪnərɛri/

itinerary

Reiseroute
Meaning
A planned route or schedule of a journey or trip.
Example
The travel agent gave us a detailed itinerary for our vacation.
Der Reiseveranstalter gab uns einen detaillierten Reiseplan für unseren Urlaub.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

intimidate

einschüchtern
Meaning
To frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.
Example
The bully tried to intimidate the smaller kids.
Der Tyrann versuchte, die kleineren Kinder einzuschüchtern.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsəbəl/

impassable

unpassierbar
Meaning
Impossible to travel along or over.
Example
The road became impassable after the heavy snowfall.
Die Straße wurde nach dem schweren Schneefall unpassierbar.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

unplausibel
Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
Die Geschichte, die sie erzählte, war so unplausibel, dass niemand ihr glaubte.
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

eigenartig und individuell
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
Sein idiosynkratisches Verhalten unterschied ihn von seinen Kollegen.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɪɡ.ər.eɪt/

invigorate

beleben
Meaning
To give strength or energy to someone or something.
Example
A morning walk can invigorate both body and mind.
Ein morgendlicher Spaziergang kann Körper und Geist beleben.
C1 verb /ɪnˈklaɪn/

incline

neigen
Meaning
to feel willing or favorably disposed toward something; to bend or tilt
Example
She is inclined to agree with the proposal.
Sie ist geneigt, dem Vorschlag zuzustimmen.
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

Import
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
Die Import von Luxusgütern ist streng reguliert.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

Unsterblichkeit
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
Viele alte Kulturen glaubten, dass Helden durch große Taten Unsterblichkeit erlangen können.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbæl.əns/

Imbalance

Ungleichgewicht
Meaning
lack of proportion or relation between corresponding things; unequal distribution
Example
The doctor said the patient's dizziness was caused by an inner ear imbalance.
Der Arzt sagte, dass die Schwindelgefühle des Patienten durch ein Ungleichgewicht im Innenohr verursacht wurden.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsəbl/

insensible

bewusstlos
Meaning
Unconscious; unaware of or indifferent to something.
Example
He was insensible to the cold as he lay in the snow.
Er war gegen die Kälte insensibel, als er im Schnee lag.
C1 adjective ɪn ˈfleɪ.ʃə.ner.i

inflationary

inflationär
Meaning
Characterized by or tending to cause monetary inflation; relating to rising prices.
Example
The government took measures to control inflationary pressures.
Die Regierung ergriff Maßnahmen zur Kontrolle der inflationären Drücke.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

unentschieden
Meaning
Not leading to a definite result or decision.
Example
The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.
Die Untersuchung blieb unentschieden wegen eines Beweisfehlens.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

instabil
Meaning
not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability
Example
The instable political situation worried foreign investors.
Die instabile politische Lage beunruhigte ausländische Investoren.
C1 noun /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

intimidation

Einschüchterung
Meaning
The action of frightening or threatening someone to make them do something.
Example
The workers reported cases of intimidation by the management.
Die Arbeiter berichteten über Fälle von Einschüchterung durch das Management.
C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

Erbe
Meaning
a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies
Example
She became the inheritor of her family's estate.
Sie wurde die Erbin des Familienvermögens.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈedəbəl/

Inedible

ungenießbar
Meaning
not suitable or safe for eating; not edible
Example
The mushrooms were poisonous and completely inedible.
Die Pilze waren giftig und völlig ungenießbar.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

Pause
Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
Das Stück hatte eine zwanzigminütige Pause.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

Indescribable

unbeschreiblich
Meaning
impossible to describe or express in words; beyond description
Example
The beauty of the sunset was indescribable.
Die Schönheit des Sonnenuntergangs war unbeschreiblich.
C1 adjective ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk

intrinsic

intrinsisch, wesentlich, natürlich
Meaning
Belonging naturally; essential. Existing as a natural or basic part of something.
Example
Creativity is an intrinsic quality of a great artist.
Kreativität ist eine intrinsische Eigenschaft eines großartigen Künstlers.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

übermäßig
Meaning
Excessive or unusually large in degree.
Example
She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.
Sie verbrachte eine übermäßige Zeit mit ihrem Telefon.
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

Komplexität
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
Die Komplexität des Designs beeindruckte alle.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

sofortig
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
Die Temperaturänderung war fast sofortig.
C1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə.lɪ.zəm/

Idealism

Idealismus
Meaning
the pursuit of high principles and noble goals; unrealistic pursuit of perfection
Example
His youthful idealism motivated him to join various social justice movements.
Sein jugendlicher Idealismus motivierte ihn, sich verschiedenen sozialen Gerechtigkeitsbewegungen anzuschließen.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.tɚˈtwaɪn/

intertwine

eng miteinander verbinden oder verbinden; zusammen drehen oder kombinieren
Meaning
To connect or link closely; to twist together or combine closely.
Example
Their lives became intertwined through years of friendship.
Ihre Leben wurden durch jahrelange Freundschaft miteinander verflochten.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/

impinge

beeinflussen
Meaning
to have an effect or impact on something; to encroach or infringe
Example
The noise from the construction site impinges on our daily activities.
Der Lärm von der Baustelle beeinflusst unsere täglichen Aktivitäten.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

Inkompatibilität
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
Das Projekt scheiterte wegen der Inkompatibilität zwischen den beiden Softwaresystemen.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

umkehren
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
Er hat das Glas umgedreht, um das Wasser abfließen zu lassen.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌpleɪ/

interplay

Wechselwirkung
Meaning
The way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
Example
The interplay between culture and technology shapes modern life.
Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Kultur und Technologie prägt das moderne Leben.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

imposant
Meaning
having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding
Example
The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.
Das Schloss ist eine imposante Struktur, die das Tal überblickt.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

Wahnsinn; Geisteskrankheit
Meaning
the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality
Example
The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.
Der Verteidiger argumentierte, dass sein Mandant aufgrund von Wahnsinn nicht schuldig sei.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Inhuman

unmenschlich
Meaning
lacking human qualities; cruel; brutal; savage
Example
The dictator's inhuman treatment of prisoners shocked the international community.
Die unmenschliche Behandlung der Gefangenen durch den Diktator schockierte die internationale Gemeinschaft.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈdʒɛkʃən/

interjection

Interjektion
Meaning
a word or phrase used to express sudden emotion or reaction, often standing alone
Example
Words like 'wow' and 'ouch' are common interjections in English.
Wörter wie 'wow' und 'au' sind häufige Interjektionen im Englischen.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

anstacheln
Meaning
to provoke; to stir up
Example
His speech incited the crowd to violence.
Seine Rede hat die Menge zu Gewalt angestachelt.
C1 verb /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/

institutionalize

institutionalisieren
Meaning
to establish something as a formal institution, custom, or practice
Example
The government seeks to institutionalize environmental protection.
Die Regierung strebt danach, den Umweltschutz zu institutionalisieren.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

selten
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
Er machte seltene Besuche in seiner Heimatstadt, nachdem er ins Ausland gezogen war.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæʃənd/

impassioned

leidenschaftlich
Meaning
Filled with or showing great emotion.
Example
She gave an impassioned speech about human rights.
Sie hielt eine leidenschaftliche Rede über Menschenrechte.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

Infusion
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
Sie bereitete eine beruhigende Infusion aus Kamillentee zu.
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

Intuition
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
Ihre Intuition sagte ihr, dass etwas nicht stimmte.
C1 noun ˌɪn.toʊˈneɪ.ʃən

intonation

Intonation
Meaning
The rise and fall of tone in speech and pronunciation.
Example
Proper intonation enhances the clarity of a speech.
Die richtige Intonation verbessert die Klarheit einer Rede.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

nebenkosten
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Nebenkosten wie Snacks und Trinkgelder wurden in die Rechnung aufgenommen.
C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

initiiert
Meaning
Caused a process or action to begin; started something.
Example
The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.
Das Projekt wurde initiiert, um die marine Biodiversität zu verbessern.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

unwirtlich
Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
Die Wüste ist ein unwirtliches Umfeld für die meisten Pflanzen.
C1 noun ɪnˌɛv.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

inevitability

Unvermeidbarkeit
Meaning
The quality of being certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
Example
The inevitability of change is a part of life.
Die Unvermeidbarkeit des Wandels ist ein Teil des Lebens.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

Inquisition
Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
Der Journalist wurde einem harten Verhör durch das Panel über seine Quellen unterzogen.
C1 noun ˈɪm.pɪ.təs

impetus

Antrieb
Meaning
The force or motivation that drives something forward; momentum.
Example
The new policy provided an impetus for economic growth.
Die neue Politik gab einen Antrieb für das wirtschaftliche Wachstum.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

unwahrscheinlich
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
Es scheint unwahrscheinlich, dass er pünktlich ankommt.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈnaɪt/

ignite

entzünden
Meaning
To catch fire or cause to catch fire; to start or arouse.
Example
The sparks ignited the dry leaves in seconds.
Die Funken entzündeten die trockenen Blätter in Sekunden.
C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

Infiltration, heimlicher Zugang
Meaning
The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.
Example
Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.
Cybersicherheit verhindert die Infiltration in sensible Daten.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/

insinuate

insinuieren
Meaning
To suggest or hint something indirectly and often unpleasantly.
Example
He insinuated that she had lied about her qualifications.
Er insinuierte, dass sie über ihre Qualifikationen gelogen hatte.
C1 adjective /ˈɪndɪɡoʊ bluː/

Indigo-blue

indigoblau
Meaning
a deep blue color with a purplish tinge
Example
The indigo-blue sky looked magnificent at twilight.
Der indigoblaue Himmel sah bei Dämmerung wunderschön aus.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflɛksəbl/

inflexible

unflexibel
Meaning
Not able to bend or change; unwilling to change ideas or behavior.
Example
His inflexible attitude made negotiations difficult.
Seine unflexible Haltung erschwerte die Verhandlungen.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈtjʊərəti/

immaturity

Unreife
Meaning
the state of not being fully developed emotionally, mentally, or physically; lack of maturity
Example
His immaturity made it difficult for him to handle responsibility.
Seine Unreife machte es ihm schwer, Verantwortung zu übernehmen.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

idealistisch
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
Sie hat eine idealistische Sicht darauf, die Welt zu verändern.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl/

incompatible

unvereinbar
Meaning
Not able to exist or work together without conflict.
Example
Their personalities were completely incompatible.
Ihre Persönlichkeiten waren völlig unvereinbar.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

irreparabel
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
Der Unfall verursachte irreparable Schäden an seiner Wirbelsäule.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

illegal
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
Die Polizei hat den illegalen Drogenhandel gestoppt.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːrnoʊ/

inferno

Brand
Meaning
a large, intense fire that is dangerously out of control
Example
The building turned into an inferno within minutes.
Das Gebäude verwandelte sich in ein Inferno innerhalb von Minuten.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improvisieren
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
Der Schauspieler musste seine Zeilen improvisieren, als er das Skript vergessen hatte.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpjʊərəti/

impurity

Unreinheit
Meaning
the state of being unclean or contaminated; a substance that makes something impure
Example
The scientist removed every impurity from the water sample.
Der Wissenschaftler entfernte jede Unreinheit aus der Wasserprobe.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

Unmöglichkeit
Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
Das Projekt an einem Tag zu beenden war eine Unmöglichkeit.
C1 adjective ɪˈluː.sər.i

illusory

illusorisch
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real although seeming to be.
Example
His sense of security was entirely illusory.
Sein Gefühl der Sicherheit war völlig illusorisch.
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

Schlussfolgerung
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
Wissenschaftler ziehen Schlussfolgerungen basierend auf experimentellen Daten.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

unvergesslich
Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
Ihre Rede hinterließ einen unvergesslichen Eindruck beim Publikum.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

unverzichtbare Unterstützung
Meaning
Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.
Example
Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.
Freiwillige leisten unverzichtbare Unterstützung für Gemeinschaften.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

unverständlich
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
Das plötzliche Verschwinden der Datei war unverständlich.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs

ingenious

genial
Meaning
Showing inventiveness and skill; clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenious ideas transformed modern physics.
Seine genialen Ideen verwandelten die moderne Physik.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

Anreiz
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
Das Unternehmen bot einen Bonus als Anreiz für die Mitarbeiter an.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

inaktiv
Meaning
not active; not working; dormant; idle
Example
The volcano has been inactive for over a century.
Der Vulkan ist seit über einem Jahrhundert inaktiv.
C1 noun /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛləti/

infidelity

Untreue
Meaning
the act of being unfaithful to a spouse or partner
Example
Their marriage ended due to his infidelity.
Ihre Ehe endete wegen seiner Untreue.
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

unmerklich
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
Die Veränderungen in seinem Verhalten waren anfangs unmerklich.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

inhibited

gehemmt
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
Er war zu gehemmt, um seine wahren Gefühle auszudrücken.
C1 adverb /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli/

incidentally

übrigens
Meaning
by the way; used to introduce a remark not directly related to the main subject
Example
Incidentally, did you know that she studied in Paris?
Übrigens, wusstest du, dass sie in Paris studiert hat?
C1 verb /ɪnˈterəˌɡeɪt/

interrogate

verhören
Meaning
to ask someone questions in a thorough and formal way; to question intensively
Example
The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
Die Polizei hat den Verdächtigen stundenlang verhört.
C1 noun /ˈɪŋ.krə.mənt/

Increment

Erhöhung
Meaning
an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; a regular increase in salary
Example
He received an annual increment of five percent in his salary this year.
Er erhielt in diesem Jahr eine jährliche Erhöhung von fünf Prozent seines Gehalts.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

anorganisch
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
Anorganische Verbindungen sind wichtig in der Chemie.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

Ungerechtigkeit
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
Soziale Ungerechtigkeit bleibt ein globales Problem.
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

Intensivierung
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
Die Intensivierung des Klimawandels erfordert dringende Maßnahmen.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈrælɪti/

immorality

Unmoral
Meaning
the quality of being immoral; behavior that violates accepted moral standards
Example
The community condemned the immorality of the corrupt officials.
Die Gemeinschaft verurteilte die Unmoral der korrupten Beamten.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛrɪl/

imperil

in Gefahr bringen
Meaning
To put in danger or at risk.
Example
Reckless driving can imperil the lives of others.
Rücksichtsloses Fahren kann das Leben anderer gefährden.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɜːrmənəbl/

interminable

unendlich
Meaning
Seemingly endless; having no apparent end.
Example
The meeting felt interminable and exhausting.
Das Treffen schien unendlich und ermüdend.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

unerträglich
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
Der Lärm von der Baustelle war unerträglich.
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

unleserlich
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
Die Handschrift des Arztes war fast unleserlich.
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

befall, das Vorhandensein einer ungewöhnlich großen Anzahl von Insekten oder Tieren an einem Ort
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
Die Insektenplage in der Küche führte zu sofortigen Maßnahmen zur Schädlingsbekämpfung.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

impulsiv, spontan
Meaning
acting suddenly without careful thought
Example
She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.
Sie traf eine impulsive Entscheidung, das Auto zu kaufen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt/

incoherent

inkohärent
Meaning
Not clear or easy to understand; lacking logical connection.
Example
His explanation was so incoherent that nobody could follow it.
Seine Erklärung war so inkohärent, dass niemand ihr folgen konnte.
C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

komplex
Meaning
very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand
Example
The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.
Der Künstler hat ein komplexes Muster an die Wand gemalt.
C1 adjective /ˈɪrɪtəbl/

irritable

reizbar
Meaning
easily annoyed or made angry
Example
She became irritable after working long hours without rest.
Sie wurde reizbar, nachdem sie lange Stunden ohne Ruhe gearbeitet hatte.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

Unverschämtheit
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
Der Lehrer war schockiert über die Unverschämtheit des Schülers.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

entzündlich; brennbar
Meaning
easily set on fire; flammable; combustible
Example
The inflammable material caught fire quickly.
Das entzündliche Material brannte schnell.
C1 adjective /ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs/

imprecise

ungenau
Meaning
Not exact or accurate; vague.
Example
His explanation was too imprecise to be helpful.
Seine Erklärung war zu ungenau, um hilfreich zu sein.
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

infrastrukturelle Entwicklung
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
Infrastrukturelle Entwicklung ist notwendig für effizientes Recycling.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.krəˈmen.təl

incremental

inkrementell
Meaning
Relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; proceeding in small stages.
Example
Incremental changes ensure sustainability.
Inkrementelle Veränderungen gewährleisten Nachhaltigkeit.
C1 adjective ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl

inexhaustible

unerschöpflich
Meaning
Unable to be used up or worn out; limitless.
Example
His inexhaustible energy allowed him to work tirelessly on his projects.
Seine unerschöpfliche Energie ermöglichte es ihm, unermüdlich an seinen Projekten zu arbeiten.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

zwischen den Sternen, interstellar, kosmisch
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
Wissenschaftler untersuchen die Möglichkeiten der interstellaren Reisen.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbl/

impermeable

undurchlässig
Meaning
Not allowing fluid or gas to pass through.
Example
The container is made of impermeable plastic.
Der Behälter besteht aus undurchlässigem Kunststoff.
C1 noun /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

insignificance

Bedeutungslosigkeit
Meaning
The quality of being unimportant or trivial.
Example
He felt a sense of insignificance in the vast universe.
Er fühlte ein Gefühl der Bedeutungslosigkeit im weiten Universum.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.trə.bəl/

impenetrable

Meaning
Impossible to pass through or enter; impossible to understand.
Example
The dense forest was nearly impenetrable.
C1 adjective /ɪˈræʃənəl/

irrational

irrational
Meaning
not logical or reasonable; lacking clear thought
Example
His fear of the dark was completely irrational.
Seine Angst vor der Dunkelheit war völlig irrational.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.lekt/

intellect

Intellekt
Meaning
The ability to think, reason, and understand objectively.
Example
Her intellect is admired by all her colleagues.
Ihr Intellekt wird von allen ihren Kollegen bewundert.
C1 noun ɪmˈpɛə(r)mənt

impairment

Schaden, Behinderung
Meaning
The state of being damaged or weakened; a disability or handicap.
Example
Hearing impairment can be caused by long-term exposure to loud noise.
Hörverlust kann durch längere Exposition gegenüber lauten Geräuschen verursacht werden.
C1 noun /ˈɪnˌmeɪt/

inmate

Insasse
Meaning
a person confined to an institution such as a prison or hospital
Example
The prison has over a thousand inmates.
Das Gefängnis hat mehr als tausend Insassen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

innocuous

harmlos
Meaning
Not harmful or offensive.
Example
His remark was completely innocuous and not meant to offend anyone.
Seine Bemerkung war völlig harmlos und nicht dazu gedacht, jemanden zu beleidigen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/

Indecisive

unentschlossen
Meaning
unable to make decisions quickly; hesitant; wavering
Example
She was indecisive about which university to attend.
Sie war unentschlossen, welche Universität sie besuchen sollte.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

Empörung
Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
Öffentliche Empörung wuchs nach dem ungerechten Urteil.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

respektlos
Meaning
showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected
Example
The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.
Die respektlosen Witze des Komikers haben einige Zuschauer beleidigt.
C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

Unzulänglichkeit
Meaning
lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough
Example
She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.
Trotz ihrer starken Qualifikationen kämpfte sie bei der Arbeit mit Gefühlen der Unzulänglichkeit.
C1 noun ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən

insulation

Isolierung
Meaning
Material used to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from being transmitted from one area to another.
Example
Insulation of food storage areas can prevent pests from entering.
Die Isolierung von Lebensmittel-Lagerbereichen kann verhindern, dass Schädlinge eindringen.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒmp.tjuː/

impromptu

spontan
Meaning
Done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed; spontaneous.
Example
He gave an impromptu speech at the event.
Er hielt eine spontane Rede bei der Veranstaltung.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɑːrt/

impart

vermitteln
Meaning
to make information known; to bestow or communicate
Example
The teacher imparted valuable knowledge to her students.
Der Lehrer vermittelte wertvolles Wissen an seine Schüler.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

inexcusable

unentschuldbar
Meaning
Too bad to be justified or overlooked; unforgivable.
Example
His rude behavior was inexcusable.
Sein unhöfliches Verhalten war unentschuldbar.