impulsivity
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C1 noun ˌɪm.pʌlˈsɪv.ɪ.ti

impulsivity

Impulsivität
Meaning
The tendency to act quickly and without thought or care; lack of self-control.
Example
His impulsivity led him to make reckless choices.
Seine Impulsivität führte ihn dazu, unüberlegte Entscheidungen zu treffen.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜː.mə.ti/

Infirmity

Schwäche; Krankheit; Gebrechlichkeit
Meaning
physical or mental weakness; a disease or ailment; frailty
Example
Despite his advanced age and various infirmities, he remained mentally sharp and alert.
Trotz seines fortgeschrittenen Alters und verschiedener Gebrechen blieb er geistig scharf und wachsam.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪm/

inflame

entzünden
Meaning
to arouse strong feelings or provoke anger; to cause inflammation in the body
Example
The politician's remarks served to inflame public opinion.
Die Bemerkungen des Politikers haben dazu beigetragen, die öffentliche Meinung zu entflammen.
C1 verb /ˌɪntərˈsɛpt/

intercept

abfangen
Meaning
to stop, catch, or seize something on its way from one place to another
Example
The police intercepted the stolen car before it crossed the border.
Die Polizei fing das gestohlene Auto ab, bevor es die Grenze überschritt.
C1 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃən/

illumination

Beleuchtung
Meaning
the act of lighting something or making something clear
Example
The street was filled with bright illumination from the lamps.
Die Straße war durch die Lampen von hellem Licht erfüllt.
C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

inzidenz
Meaning
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something
Example
The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.
Die Inzidenz von Straßenunfällen ist in diesem Jahr gesenkt worden.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

Inkompatibilität
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
Das Projekt scheiterte wegen der Inkompatibilität zwischen den beiden Softwaresystemen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈneɪn/

inane

unsinnig, dumm
Meaning
lacking sense, meaning, or significance; silly or pointless
Example
The movie was criticized for its inane dialogue.
Der Film wurde für seine unsinnigen Dialoge kritisiert.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

instinktiv, natürlich, automatisch
Meaning
Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.
Example
His instinctive reaction saved his life.
Seine instinktive Reaktion rettete sein Leben.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

unverteidbar
Meaning
not able to be protected or justified
Example
The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.
Die Bemerkungen des Ministers wurden von der Öffentlichkeit als unverteidbar angesehen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

unzerstörbar
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
Es wurde gesagt, dass das Schild des Superhelden unzerstörbar war.
C1 noun /ˈɪtʃ.i.nəs/

itchiness

Juckreiz
Meaning
The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
Example
Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing.
Augenjuckreiz führt oft zum Reiben.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

entzündlich; brennbar
Meaning
easily set on fire; flammable; combustible
Example
The inflammable material caught fire quickly.
Das entzündliche Material brannte schnell.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈtɛntɪv/

inattentive

unaufmerksam
Meaning
not paying attention; lacking focus or concentration
Example
The inattentive student missed several important instructions.
Der unaufmerksame Schüler verpasste mehrere wichtige Anweisungen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmjuː.tə.bəl/

immutable

unveränderlich
Meaning
Unchangeable, permanent, or fixed
Example
The laws of physics are considered immutable.
Die Gesetze der Physik gelten als unveränderlich.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

irreparabel
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
Der Unfall verursachte irreparable Schäden an seiner Wirbelsäule.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

instabil
Meaning
not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability
Example
The instable political situation worried foreign investors.
Die instabile politische Lage beunruhigte ausländische Investoren.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

interdisziplinär
Meaning
Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
Example
The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.
Der interdisziplinäre Ansatz in der Bildung fördert Problemlösungsfähigkeiten.
C1 noun ˌɪntədɪˈpɛndənsi

interdependency

Interdependenz
Meaning
The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
Example
The interdependency of the countries led to greater cooperation.
Die Interdependenz der Länder führte zu mehr Zusammenarbeit.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

berüchtigt
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
Der Diktator war berüchtigt für seine Grausamkeit.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/

involuntary

unfreiwillig
Meaning
done without will or conscious control
Example
He gave an involuntary shiver when he heard the loud noise.
Er bekam einen unwillkürlichen Schauer, als er das laute Geräusch hörte.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌpleɪ/

interplay

Wechselwirkung
Meaning
The way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
Example
The interplay between culture and technology shapes modern life.
Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Kultur und Technologie prägt das moderne Leben.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

illegal
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
Die Polizei hat den illegalen Drogenhandel gestoppt.
C1 adverb /ˈɪnwərdli/

inwardly

innerlich
Meaning
In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.
Example
She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried.
Sie lächelte äußerlich, aber innerlich war sie besorgt.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

zwischen den Sternen, interstellar, kosmisch
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
Wissenschaftler untersuchen die Möglichkeiten der interstellaren Reisen.
C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

Interkonnektivität
Meaning
The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components
Example
The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.
Der Aufstieg der Interkonnektivität hat die weltweite Kommunikation verändert.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɑːrt/

impart

vermitteln
Meaning
to make information known; to bestow or communicate
Example
The teacher imparted valuable knowledge to her students.
Der Lehrer vermittelte wertvolles Wissen an seine Schüler.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmoʊbəl/

immobile

unbeweglich
Meaning
unable to move or be moved
Example
After the accident, he was immobile for weeks.
Nach dem Unfall war er wochenlang unbeweglich.
C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

initiiert
Meaning
Caused a process or action to begin; started something.
Example
The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.
Das Projekt wurde initiiert, um die marine Biodiversität zu verbessern.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

intergenerationell, zwischen verschiedenen Generationen einer Familie
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
Intergenerationelles Wissen sichert kulturelle Kontinuität.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

introvertiert
Meaning
A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.
Example
As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.
Als Introvertierter bevorzugte er es, zu lesen, anstatt zu Partys zu gehen.
C1 adjective ɪˈneɪt

Innate

angeboren oder natürlich
Meaning
Existing from birth or natural
Example
She has an innate talent for music.
Sie hat ein angeborenes Talent für Musik.
C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

Einsicht, Analysefähigkeit
Meaning
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
Example
His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.
Seine Einsicht half, das komplexe Problem zu lösen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɛrənt/

inherent

innehrent
Meaning
Existing in something as a natural, permanent, or essential quality.
Example
There are inherent risks in extreme sports.
Es gibt inhärente Risiken bei Extremsportarten.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɑːɡətɪv/

interrogative

interrogativ
Meaning
Relating to or conveying a question; in grammar, used to form questions.
Example
She raised an interrogative eyebrow when she heard the news.
Sie hob eine interrogative Augenbraue, als sie die Nachricht hörte.
C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

verehren
Meaning
To admire or worship someone excessively.
Example
Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.
Fans verehren oft Prominente für ihr Talent und ihren Lebensstil.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlʌstriəs/

illustrious

berühmt
Meaning
Well known, respected, and admired for past achievements.
Example
She had an illustrious career in medicine.
Sie hatte eine berühmte Karriere in der Medizin.
C1 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

ideology

Ideologie
Meaning
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Example
Democracy is based on the ideology of freedom and equality.
Demokratie basiert auf der Ideologie von Freiheit und Gleichheit.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

Zwischenakt
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
Es gab ein kurzes musikalisches Intermezzo zwischen den beiden Akten des Stücks.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

induktiv
Meaning
characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles
Example
The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.
Der Wissenschaftler verwendete induktives Denken, um eine Hypothese zu formulieren.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔːri/

inflammatory

Glück
Meaning
causing inflammation in the body; arousing anger, hostility, or strong emotion
Example
His inflammatory speech triggered protests across the city.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 verb /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/

irrigate

bewässern
Meaning
to supply water to land or crops; to wash out a wound with water
Example
Farmers irrigate their fields during dry seasons.
Bauern bewässern ihre Felder in der Trockenzeit.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/

Indecision

Unentschlossenheit; Zweifel; Zögern
Meaning
the inability to make decisions quickly; uncertainty about what to do
Example
Her indecision about which job offer to accept caused her to miss both opportunities.
Ihre Unentschlossenheit, welches Jobangebot sie annehmen sollte, führte dazu, dass sie beide Gelegenheiten verpasste.
C1 verb /ɪmˈplɔːr/

implore

bitten
Meaning
To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something.
Example
She implored him to stay with her.
Sie bat ihn verzweifelt, bei ihr zu bleiben.
C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

Idiom
Meaning
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
Example
The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.
Das Idiom 'Eis brechen' bedeutet, ein Gespräch auf freundliche Weise zu beginnen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

inexcusable

unentschuldbar
Meaning
Too bad to be justified or overlooked; unforgivable.
Example
His rude behavior was inexcusable.
Sein unhöfliches Verhalten war unentschuldbar.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

bevorstehend
Meaning
about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening
Example
The villagers were worried about the impending flood.
Die Dorfbewohner waren besorgt über die bevorstehende Flut.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

indiskriminierend
Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
Das Unternehmen entließ die Mitarbeiter ohne Rücksicht auf ihre Leistung.
C1 noun /ˌɪm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

Imposition

Auferlegung; Last; ungerechte Forderung
Meaning
the action or process of imposing something or of being imposed; an unfair burden or demand
Example
The imposition of new taxes without consultation angered the citizens greatly.
Die Auferlegung neuer Steuern ohne Beratung verärgerte die Bürger erheblich.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈses.ənt/

incessant

unaufhörlich
Meaning
Continuing without pause or interruption; constant.
Example
The incessant noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.
Der unaufhörliche Lärm von der Baustelle erschwerte es, sich zu konzentrieren.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

Wahnsinn; Geisteskrankheit
Meaning
the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality
Example
The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.
Der Verteidiger argumentierte, dass sein Mandant aufgrund von Wahnsinn nicht schuldig sei.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjuːz/

infuse

infundieren
Meaning
to fill or spread through something; to instill a quality, idea, or feeling
Example
The teacher tried to infuse her students with a love for reading.
Die Lehrerin versuchte, ihren Schülern eine Liebe zum Lesen zu infundieren.
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

Import
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
Die Import von Luxusgütern ist streng reguliert.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːtʃ/

impeach

anklagen
Meaning
To charge a public official with misconduct while in office.
Example
The parliament voted to impeach the president.
Das Parlament stimmte ab, um den Präsidenten anzuklagen.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

inhaftieren
Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
Die Behörden inhaftierten den Kriminellen nach dem Prozess.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

inaktiv
Meaning
not active; not working; dormant; idle
Example
The volcano has been inactive for over a century.
Der Vulkan ist seit über einem Jahrhundert inaktiv.
C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/

irate

zornig
Meaning
Extremely angry.
Example
The customer became irate after waiting for hours.
Der Kunde wurde zornig, nachdem er stundenlang gewartet hatte.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

unbedeutend
Meaning
Not important or significant; too small to matter.
Example
The mistake was minor and inconsequential.
Der Fehler war geringfügig und unbedeutend.
C1 adjective /ˈaɪərnˌklæd/

ironclad

eiserne
Meaning
impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm
Example
The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers.
Das Unternehmen hatte einen eisernen Vertrag mit seinen Lieferanten.
C1 adjective ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl

inexhaustible

unerschöpflich
Meaning
Unable to be used up or worn out; limitless.
Example
His inexhaustible energy allowed him to work tirelessly on his projects.
Seine unerschöpfliche Energie ermöglichte es ihm, unermüdlich an seinen Projekten zu arbeiten.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

Betrüger; Hochstapler
Meaning
a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud
Example
The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.
Der Imposter überzeugte alle, dass er ein Arzt war, bis seine falschen Qualifikationen entdeckt wurden.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluː.sɪv/

Illusive

trügerisch; scheinbar existierend, aber nicht real; täuschend
Meaning
deceptive; appearing to exist but not real; misleading
Example
The promise of easy money proved to be illusive and misleading.
Das Versprechen von leichtem Geld erwies sich als trügerisch und täuschend.
C1 noun /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən/

incarceration

Inhaftierung
Meaning
the state of being imprisoned or confined
Example
The criminal faced years of incarceration for his crimes.
Der Kriminelle verbrachte Jahre der Inhaftierung für seine Verbrechen.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

Anklageschrift
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
Die Anklageschrift beschuldigte das Unternehmen mehrfacher Verstöße.
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

Eintauchen
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
Das Eintauchen in VR-Spiele lässt die Benutzer das Gefühl haben, als wären sie in der virtuellen Welt.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

Insektizid
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
Der Bauer sprühte Insektizid auf seine Ernte, um sie vor schädlichen Insekten zu schützen.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

Introspektion
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
Durch Introspektion gewann sie tiefere Einblicke in ihre Emotionen.
C1 noun /ˈɪm.pæs/

impasse

Stillstand
Meaning
A situation where no progress is possible.
Example
The negotiations reached an impasse, delaying the agreement.
Die Verhandlungen erreichten einen Stillstand, der die Vereinbarung verzögerte.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæʃənd/

impassioned

leidenschaftlich
Meaning
Filled with or showing great emotion.
Example
She gave an impassioned speech about human rights.
Sie hielt eine leidenschaftliche Rede über Menschenrechte.
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

unwiederbringlicher Schaden
Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
Der Klimawandel verursacht unwiederbringlichen Schaden an Ökosystemen.
C1 noun /aɪl/

isle

kleine Insel
Meaning
A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.
Example
They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle.
Sie verbrachten ihre Hochzeitsreise auf einer wunderschönen tropischen Insel.
C1 adjective ɪnˈsaɪ.sɪv

incisive

scharfsinnig
Meaning
Intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important.
Example
His incisive comments revealed the core issues.
Seine scharfsinnigen Kommentare enthüllten die Kernprobleme.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

ingrained

eingewurzelt
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; deeply rooted and difficult to change.
Example
His ingrained habits were hard to break.
Seine eingewurzelten Gewohnheiten waren schwer zu brechen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

übermäßig
Meaning
Excessive or unusually large in degree.
Example
She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.
Sie verbrachte eine übermäßige Zeit mit ihrem Telefon.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

unvergleichlich
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
Der Ausblick vom Berg war unvergleichlich.
C1 adjective /ɪˈræʃənəl/

irrational

irrational
Meaning
not logical or reasonable; lacking clear thought
Example
His fear of the dark was completely irrational.
Seine Angst vor der Dunkelheit war völlig irrational.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

unerschrocken
Meaning
fearless and adventurous, often used humorously
Example
The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.
Der unerschrockene Reisende erkundete den Dschungel alleine.
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

Komplexität
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
Die Komplexität des Designs beeindruckte alle.
C1 verb /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

inhibit

hemmen
Meaning
to prevent or restrain someone or something from acting freely; to hinder
Example
Fear can inhibit personal growth.
Angst kann das persönliche Wachstum hemmen.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfɛst/

infest

befallen
Meaning
to overrun in large numbers, especially so as to cause damage or discomfort
Example
The old house was infested with rats.
Das alte Haus war von Ratten befallen.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

verletzen
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
Das Kopieren dieser Software ohne Erlaubnis wird gegen das Urheberrecht verstoßen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səbˈstæn.ʃəl/

insubstantial

unwesentlich
Meaning
Lacking strength, substance, or solidity.
Example
The evidence provided was insubstantial and unconvincing.
Die bereitgestellten Beweise waren unwesentlich und wenig überzeugend.
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

unmerklich
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
Die Veränderungen in seinem Verhalten waren anfangs unmerklich.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

der Prozess, Eier, Zellen oder Organismen unter den richtigen Bedingungen für die Entwicklung zu halten
Meaning
the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development
Example
The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.
Die Inkubation der Eier dauerte drei Wochen.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

introspektiv
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
Schriftsteller neigen dazu, hochgradig introspektive Individuen zu sein.
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

Einlass
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
Das Boot fuhr in einen engen Einlass entlang der Küste.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

inquisitive

neugierig
Meaning
Curious or eager to learn and ask questions.
Example
The inquisitive child asked endless questions about the stars.
Das neugierige Kind stellte unzählige Fragen über die Sterne.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

bewegen
Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
Ihre Neugier trieb sie dazu, die mysteriöse Kiste zu öffnen.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

unplausibel
Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
Die Geschichte, die sie erzählte, war so unplausibel, dass niemand ihr glaubte.
C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

Neigung
Meaning
A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Example
She has an inclination towards helping others.
Sie hat eine Neigung, anderen zu helfen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəbl/

intelligible

verständlich
Meaning
Able to be understood; clear enough to be comprehended.
Example
Her speech was barely intelligible over the noise.
Durch den Lärm war ihre Rede kaum verständlich.
C1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə.lɪ.zəm/

Idealism

Idealismus
Meaning
the pursuit of high principles and noble goals; unrealistic pursuit of perfection
Example
His youthful idealism motivated him to join various social justice movements.
Sein jugendlicher Idealismus motivierte ihn, sich verschiedenen sozialen Gerechtigkeitsbewegungen anzuschließen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtræk.tə.bəl/

intractable

unlösbar
Meaning
Difficult or impossible to manage, control, or solve.
Example
The conflict has become an intractable problem.
Der Konflikt ist zu einem unlösbaren Problem geworden.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

unentschieden
Meaning
Not leading to a definite result or decision.
Example
The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.
Die Untersuchung blieb unentschieden wegen eines Beweisfehlens.
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

interimistisch
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
Interim-Regierungen verwalten Übergangsphasen.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/

Insomnia

Insomnie
Meaning
habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep; the condition of being unable to sleep
Example
Her chronic insomnia made it difficult for her to concentrate during work hours.
Ihre chronische Insomnie erschwerte es ihr, sich während der Arbeitszeit zu konzentrieren.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improvisieren
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
Der Schauspieler musste seine Zeilen improvisieren, als er das Skript vergessen hatte.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbæl.əns/

Imbalance

Ungleichgewicht
Meaning
lack of proportion or relation between corresponding things; unequal distribution
Example
The doctor said the patient's dizziness was caused by an inner ear imbalance.
Der Arzt sagte, dass die Schwindelgefühle des Patienten durch ein Ungleichgewicht im Innenohr verursacht wurden.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

jemanden formell in eine Position, Organisation oder ein Amt aufnehmen
Meaning
to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office
Example
She was inducted into the university's honor society.
Sie wurde in die Ehrenvereinigung der Universität aufgenommen.
C1 verb /ɪˈnɔːɡjʊreɪt/

inaugurate

einweihen
Meaning
To formally begin or introduce something, especially with a ceremony.
Example
The mayor will inaugurate the new bridge tomorrow.
Der Bürgermeister wird morgen die neue Brücke einweihen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

inhibited

gehemmt
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
Er war zu gehemmt, um seine wahren Gefühle auszudrücken.
C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

anstiften
Meaning
To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.
Example
He was accused of instigating the riot.
Er wurde beschuldigt, den Aufstand anzustiften.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrɪmɪˌneɪt/

incriminate

belasten
Meaning
to make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing
Example
The new evidence could incriminate the suspect in the robbery case.
Die neuen Beweise könnten den Verdächtigen im Raubüberfallfall belasten.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛrɪl/

imperil

in Gefahr bringen
Meaning
To put in danger or at risk.
Example
Reckless driving can imperil the lives of others.
Rücksichtsloses Fahren kann das Leben anderer gefährden.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

Unverschämtheit
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
Der Lehrer war schockiert über die Unverschämtheit des Schülers.
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

infrastrukturelle Entwicklung
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
Infrastrukturelle Entwicklung ist notwendig für effizientes Recycling.
C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

Irrelevanz
Meaning
the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand
Example
The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.
Der Richter wies das Argument wegen seiner Irrelevanz für den Fall zurück.
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

eigenartig und individuell
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
Sein idiosynkratisches Verhalten unterschied ihn von seinen Kollegen.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

Unvollständigkeit
Meaning
the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness
Example
The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.
Die Unvollständigkeit des Berichts verursachte Verzögerungen im Projekt.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

nachsichtig
Meaning
Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.
Example
The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.
Die nachsichtige Mutter ließ ihr Kind lange aufbleiben.
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

involvieren
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
Die Beweise implierten mehrere Beamte in den Skandal.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

imposant
Meaning
having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding
Example
The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.
Das Schloss ist eine imposante Struktur, die das Tal überblickt.
C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

beleuchten
Meaning
To light up or make something clearer.
Example
Streetlights illuminate the road at night.
Straßenlaternen beleuchten die Straße in der Nacht.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/

imagery

Bildsprache
Meaning
visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work
Example
The poet's use of imagery brought the scene to life.
Der Einsatz von Bildsprache des Dichters erweckte die Szene zum Leben.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.krəˈmen.təl

incremental

inkrementell
Meaning
Relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; proceeding in small stages.
Example
Incremental changes ensure sustainability.
Inkrementelle Veränderungen gewährleisten Nachhaltigkeit.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

sich ausgeben als
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
Er wurde verhaftet, weil er versuchte, einen Polizisten zu impersonieren.
C1 noun ɪmˈpɛə(r)mənt

impairment

Schaden, Behinderung
Meaning
The state of being damaged or weakened; a disability or handicap.
Example
Hearing impairment can be caused by long-term exposure to loud noise.
Hörverlust kann durch längere Exposition gegenüber lauten Geräuschen verursacht werden.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfæləbl̩/

infallible

unfehlbar
Meaning
incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Her judgment seemed infallible in matters of finance.
Ihr Urteil schien in finanziellen Angelegenheiten unfehlbar.
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

unleserlich
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
Die Handschrift des Arztes war fast unleserlich.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

willkürlich
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
Der willkürliche Einsatz von Pestiziden schadet der Umwelt.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/

imminence

Imminenz, Zustand der Nähe
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
Die Imminenz des Sturms zwang die Menschen, Zuflucht zu suchen.