encyclical
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C2 noun /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/

encyclical

Enzyklika
Meaning
a formal letter sent by the Pope to Catholic churches, usually addressing important issues
Example
The Pope issued an encyclical on climate change and moral responsibility.
Der Papst veröffentlichte eine Enzyklika zum Thema Klimawandel und moralische Verantwortung.
C2 verb ɪɡˈzɔːrt

exhort

auffordern
Meaning
To strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.
Example
The teacher exhorted students to work hard for exams.
Der Lehrer forderte die Schüler auf, sich für die Prüfungen anzustrengen.
C2 noun /ɪˈmɛtɪk/

emetic

Brechmittel
Meaning
a substance that causes vomiting
Example
The doctor administered an emetic to remove the poison.
Der Arzt verabreichte ein Brechmittel, um das Gift zu entfernen.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfʌldʒənt/

effulgent

strahlend
Meaning
Shining brilliantly; radiant.
Example
Her effulgent smile brightened everyone's mood.
Ihr strahlendes Lächeln erhellte die Stimmung aller.
C2 verb /ɪˈmɛnd/

emend

korrigieren
Meaning
to correct or revise a text, especially for errors
Example
The editor emended the manuscript before publication.
Der Herausgeber korrigierte das Manuskript vor der Veröffentlichung.
C2 adjective /ˌen.zɪˈmæt.ɪk/

enzymatic

enzymatisch
Meaning
Relating to or involving enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in living organisms.
Example
Enzymatic reactions regulate metabolism in the human body.
Enzymatische Reaktionen regulieren den Stoffwechsel im menschlichen Körper.
C2 verb /ɪnˈkæmp/

encamp

lagern
Meaning
to set up or establish a camp
Example
The soldiers encamped near the river for the night.
Die Soldaten schlugen ihr Lager in der Nähe des Flusses auf.
C2 verb /ɛksˈhjuːm/

exhume

exhumieren
Meaning
to dig out something buried, especially a body from the ground
Example
The archaeologists decided to exhume the ancient remains.
Die Archäologen beschlossen, die alten Überreste zu exhumieren.
C2 adjective /ɪˈbʊliənt/

ebullient

überschwänglich
Meaning
cheerful and full of energy
Example
She was ebullient after receiving the good news.
Sie war überschwänglich, nachdem sie die gute Nachricht erhalten hatte.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtræp/

entrap

fange
Meaning
To catch or trick someone into a difficult situation.
Example
The police tried to entrap the criminal with false evidence.
Die Polizei versuchte, den Kriminellen mit falschen Beweisen zu fangen.
C2 adjective /ˌeθ.noʊˈsen.trɪk/

ethnocentric

ethnozentrisch
Meaning
evaluating other cultures according to the standards of one's own culture
Example
His ethnocentric attitude made it hard for him to appreciate foreign traditions.
Seine ethnocentrische Haltung erschwerte es ihm, fremde Traditionen zu schätzen.
C2 noun /ˈɛpɪtɑːf/

epitaph

Epitaph
Meaning
A short text written on a tombstone in memory of the deceased.
Example
The gravestone bore an epitaph honoring the soldier’s bravery.
Der Grabstein trug ein Epitaph, das den Mut des Soldaten ehrte.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈmɑː.səˌnɛr.i/

eleemosynary

wohltätig
Meaning
Relating to charity; dependent on or supported by charity.
Example
The hospital was founded as an eleemosynary institution.
Das Krankenhaus wurde als eine wohltätige Institution gegründet.
C2 noun /ˈɒnwiː/ or /ˈɑːnwiː/

ennui

Langeweile
Meaning
A feeling of boredom, listlessness, or dissatisfaction arising from lack of excitement.
Example
After weeks of doing nothing, he sank into a deep sense of ennui.
Nach Wochen ohne etwas zu tun, verfiel er in tiefe Langeweile.
C2 noun /ˈɛdi/

eddy

strudel
Meaning
A circular movement of water, air, or smoke, counter to the main current, causing a small whirlpool or turbulence.
Example
The canoe was caught in an eddy near the rocks.
Das Kanu wurde in einem Strudel in der Nähe der Felsen gefangen.
C2 noun /ɪˈmɒljʊmənt/

emolument

Gehalt
Meaning
payment for work or services; salary or fees
Example
The professor received his annual emolument from the university.
Der Professor erhielt sein jährliches Gehalt von der Universität.
C2 verb /ɪˈstreɪndʒ/

estrange

entfremden
Meaning
to cause someone to no longer be close or affectionate; to alienate
Example
His constant criticism began to estrange him from his friends.
Seine ständige Kritik begann, ihn von seinen Freunden zu entfremden.
C2 adjective /ˈɛksplɪkəbəl/

explicable

erklärbar
Meaning
able to be explained or understood
Example
His sudden anger was explicable given the stressful situation.
Seine plötzliche Wut war erklärbar, angesichts der stressigen Situation.
C2 noun ˌɛr.jʊˈdɪʃ.ən

erudition

Gelehrsamkeit
Meaning
The quality of having or showing great knowledge or learning; scholarship.
Example
His erudition in history impressed the entire audience.
Seine Gelehrsamkeit in Geschichte beeindruckte das gesamte Publikum.
C2 noun /ɛθˈnɒlədʒi/

ethnology

Ethnologie
Meaning
the study of the characteristics of different peoples and the differences and relationships between them
Example
She specialized in ethnology to better understand cultural diversity.
Sie spezialisierte sich auf Ethnologie, um die kulturelle Vielfalt besser zu verstehen.
C2 adjective /ˌɛlɪˈfæntaɪn/

elephantine

elefantengleich
Meaning
Huge, clumsy, or resembling an elephant in size or movement.
Example
The man moved with an elephantine grace.
Der Mann bewegte sich mit einer elefantinen Grazie.
C2 verb /ɪkˈstɛmpəraɪz/

extemporize

improvisieren
Meaning
To speak or perform without preparation; improvise.
Example
The actor had to extemporize when he forgot his lines.
Der Schauspieler musste improvisieren, als er seine Zeilen vergaß.
C2 verb /ɪˈkwɪvəˌkeɪt/

equivocate

mehrdeutig sprechen
Meaning
To speak ambiguously or avoid giving a clear answer.
Example
The politician equivocated when asked about the scandal.
Der Politiker equivokierte, als er nach dem Skandal gefragt wurde.
C2 noun /ˈel.ɪ.fənt ˈæp.əl/

Elephant Apple

Elefantenapfel
Meaning
a tropical fruit with a hard shell and acidic flesh
Example
Elephant apple is used to make delicious jams and pickles.
Der Elefantenapfel wird verwendet, um köstliche Marmeladen und eingelegtes Gemüse herzustellen.
C2 noun /ɪˈluːʒən/

elusion

Entkommen
Meaning
The act of escaping or avoiding something, especially by cleverness or trickery.
Example
His constant elusion of responsibility frustrated his colleagues.
Seine ständige Entkommen von Verantwortung frustrierte seine Kollegen.
C2 verb /ɪkˈspɛktəreɪt/

expectorate

ausspeien
Meaning
to cough up and spit out mucus from the throat or lungs
Example
The patient began to expectorate thick mucus.
Der Patient begann, dicken Schleim auszuspeien.
C2 adjective ˈen.də.krɪn

endocrine

endokrin
Meaning
Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
Example
The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth.
Das endokrine System reguliert den Stoffwechsel und das Wachstum.
C2 verb /ˈɛdɪfaɪ/

edify

bilden
Meaning
To instruct or improve someone morally or intellectually.
Example
Good books can both entertain and edify the reader.
Gute Bücher können den Leser sowohl unterhalten als auch bilden.
C2 noun /ˈɪrˌʃɑːt/

earshot

Hörreichweite
Meaning
the range or distance within which a sound can be heard
Example
The children whispered secrets out of earshot of their parents.
Die Kinder flüsterten Geheimnisse außerhalb der Hörreichweite ihrer Eltern.
C2 noun /ˈɛnsaɪn/

ensign

Flagge
Meaning
A flag or standard, especially a military or naval one indicating nationality; also a junior officer in the navy or coast guard.
Example
The ship raised its national ensign before leaving the harbor.
Das Schiff hisste seine nationale Flagge, bevor es den Hafen verließ.
C2 noun /ˈɛpɪɡræm/

epigram

Epigramm
Meaning
A short, witty saying or poem that expresses an idea in a clever way.
Example
Oscar Wilde was famous for his sharp epigrams.
Oscar Wilde war berühmt für seine scharfsinnigen Epigramme.
C2 noun /ɪˈfʌldʒəns/

effulgence

Glanz
Meaning
Brilliant radiance or shining brightness.
Example
The effulgence of the sunrise lit up the entire valley.
Der Glanz des Sonnenaufgangs erleuchtete das ganze Tal.
C2 verb /ɪkˈstruːd/

extrude

extrudieren
Meaning
to force something out through a small opening; to shape by pushing material through a mold
Example
The factory extrudes plastic pipes using modern machines.
Die Fabrik extrudiert Kunststoffrohre mit modernen Maschinen.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɪksər/

elixir

Elixier
Meaning
A magical or medicinal potion believed to cure illnesses or grant immortality.
Example
The old legend spoke of an elixir that could grant eternal youth.
Die alte Legende sprach von einem Elixier, das ewige Jugend verleihen konnte.
C2 noun /ˈɛksɪdʒənsi/

exigency

Dringlichkeit
Meaning
an urgent need or demand requiring immediate attention
Example
In times of war, the exigency of the situation requires quick decisions.
In Kriegszeiten erfordert die Dringlichkeit der Situation schnelle Entscheidungen.
C2 noun /ˌiː.mɛnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

emendation

Korrektur
Meaning
a correction or improvement made to a text
Example
The article required several emendations before it was ready for print.
Der Artikel erforderte mehrere Korrekturen, bevor er druckfertig war.
C2 noun /ɪkˌsprəʊ.priˈeɪ.ʃən/

expropriation

Enteignung
Meaning
The act of government taking private property, also known as confiscation, nationalization, or seizure.
Example
The land expropriation led to disputes among landowners.
Die Landenteignung führte zu Streitigkeiten unter den Landbesitzern.
C2 noun /ˈɛpɪkjʊr/

epicure

Feinschmecker
Meaning
A person who enjoys fine food and drink, often with refined taste.
Example
As an epicure, she always sought out the finest restaurants in the city.
Als Feinschmecker suchte sie immer die besten Restaurants in der Stadt.
C2 verb /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪt/

extenuate

entschärfen
Meaning
to make an offense, fault, or situation seem less serious by providing an excuse or explanation
Example
The lawyer tried to extenuate his client's actions by highlighting his difficult childhood.
Der Anwalt versuchte, die Taten seines Klienten zu entschärfen, indem er seine schwierige Kindheit hervorhob.
C2 verb /ɛmˈbleɪzən/

emblazon

auffällig darstellen
Meaning
To decorate or display something in a noticeable or impressive way.
Example
The team's logo was emblazoned on their uniforms.
Das Logo des Teams war auf ihren Uniformen eingeblazen.
C2 verb /ɪmˈbɪtər/

embitter

verbittern
Meaning
To make someone resentful or angry; to cause bitterness.
Example
The unfair treatment embittered the employees.
Die ungerechte Behandlung hat die Angestellten verbittert.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɪziəm/

elysium

Elysium
Meaning
A place or state of perfect happiness; in Greek mythology, the afterlife paradise.
Example
For her, the garden was a personal elysium.
Für sie war der Garten ein persönliches Elysium.
C2 verb /ɛnˈfrænˌtʃaɪz/

enfranchise

Glück
Meaning
To grant the right to vote or other rights of citizenship.
Example
The new law enfranchised thousands of people.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C2 adjective /ˌɛkstrəˌdʒuːˈdɪʃəl/

extrajudicial

außerhalb des rechtlichen Systems durchgeführt
Meaning
done outside the authority of the legal system or judicial process
Example
The activists condemned the extrajudicial killings.
Die Aktivisten verurteilten die extrajudiziellen Morde.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnsəbl/

extensible

erweiterbar
Meaning
able to be extended; capable of expansion.
Example
The software is designed to be extensible with new features.
Die Software ist so konzipiert, dass sie mit neuen Funktionen erweiterbar ist.
C2 noun /ˌiː.tiˈɒ.lə.dʒi/

etiology

Ätiologie
Meaning
the cause or origin of a disease or condition
Example
Doctors are studying the etiology of the new virus.
Ärzte untersuchen die Ätiologie des neuen Virus.
C2 verb /ˈɛkspieɪt/

expiate

büßen
Meaning
to make amends for guilt or wrongdoing
Example
He tried to expiate his crime by helping the poor.
Er versuchte, seine Sünde zu sühnen, indem er den Armen half.
C2 noun /ˈeb.taɪd/

Ebb-tide

Ebbe
Meaning
the movement of the tide out to sea; a time when the sea level is falling
Example
During ebb-tide, we could walk further out on the beach.
Während der Ebbe konnten wir weiter am Strand laufen.
C2 verb /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪt/

emaciate

auszehren
Meaning
To make abnormally thin or weak, usually because of illness or lack of food.
Example
The prisoners were emaciated after months without proper food.
Die Gefangenen waren nach Monaten ohne richtige Nahrung ausgemergelt.
C2 noun /ɪˈfrʌntəri/

effrontery

Unverschämtheit oder dreiste Kühnheit
Meaning
shameless or rude boldness
Example
He had the effrontery to lie even when caught red-handed.
Er hatte die Unverschämtheit zu lügen, selbst als er auf frischer Tat ertappt wurde.
C2 adjective /ˌiːvənˈhændɪd/

evenhanded

unparteiisch
Meaning
Fair and impartial; showing no bias or favoritism.
Example
The judge was praised for her evenhanded approach to the case.
Die Richterin wurde für ihre unparteiische Herangehensweise an den Fall gelobt.
C2 verb /ˈɛnərˌveɪt/

enervate

schwächen
Meaning
To weaken or drain someone of strength or vitality.
Example
The long hours of work enervated him.
Die langen Arbeitsstunden haben ihn geschwächt.
C2 verb /ɪnˈθrɔːl/

enthral

fesseln
Meaning
To captivate or hold someone’s full attention.
Example
The magician’s performance enthralled the audience.
Die Aufführung des Magiers fesselte das Publikum.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trə.taɪp/

electrotype

Elektrotyp
Meaning
A duplicate printing plate made by electroplating a mold of the original.
Example
The printer used an electrotype to produce multiple copies of the page.
Der Drucker benutzte ein Elektrotyp, um mehrere Kopien der Seite zu erstellen.
C2 verb /ɪnˈskɒns/

ensconce

sich niederlassen, verstecken
Meaning
to settle comfortably or securely in a place; to hide or shelter firmly
Example
She ensconced herself in a cozy armchair by the fireplace.
Sie setzte sich gemütlich in einen Sessel neben dem Kamin.
C2 noun /ˈɛskwaɪər/

esquire

Esquire
Meaning
A title of respect often used after a man's name, especially for lawyers in the United States.
Example
John Smith, Esquire, will be representing the client in court.
John Smith, Esquire, wird den Klienten vor Gericht vertreten.
C2 adjective /ˈeksɪkrəbl/

execrable

abscheulich
Meaning
Extremely bad or unpleasant.
Example
The movie was so execrable that many people left the theater early.
Der Film war so abscheulich, dass viele Leute früh aus dem Kino gingen.
C2 noun /ˌɛntəˈmɒlədʒi/

entomology

entomologie
Meaning
The scientific study of insects.
Example
She studied entomology to understand the behavior of bees.
Sie studierte Entomologie, um das Verhalten von Bienen zu verstehen.
C2 verb /ˈjuːləˌdʒaɪz/

eulogize

verherrlichen
Meaning
To praise highly in speech or writing, especially in honor of someone who has died.
Example
They gathered to eulogize their beloved teacher.
Sie versammelten sich, um ihren geliebten Lehrer zu loben.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfɛktʃuəl/

effectual

wirksam
Meaning
producing a desired or intended effect, often used in formal contexts
Example
Her effectual efforts brought peace to the community.
Ihre wirksamen Bemühungen brachten Frieden in die Gemeinschaft.
C2 verb /ɪˈdjuːs/

educe

entlocken
Meaning
To draw out or bring forth something latent or hidden.
Example
The teacher tried to educe a response from the shy student.
Der Lehrer versuchte, eine Antwort vom schüchternen Schüler zu entlocken.
C2 verb /ˈeksɪkreɪt/

execrate

verabscheuen
Meaning
To feel or express great loathing or hatred for something.
Example
The community execrated the corrupt politician.
Die Gemeinschaft verabscheute den korrupten Politiker.
C2 noun /ˈɛmbəˌlɪzəm/

embolism

Embolie
Meaning
the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by a clot or other foreign matter
Example
The patient suffered a fatal pulmonary embolism.
Der Patient erlitt eine tödliche Lungenembolie.
C2 verb /ɪˈvɪns/

evince

demonstrieren
Meaning
to show or demonstrate clearly
Example
She evinced her interest in the project through active participation.
Sie zeigte ihr Interesse an dem Projekt durch aktive Teilnahme.
C2 noun /ˌɛpɪzəʊˈɒtɪk/

epizootic

Epizootie
Meaning
An outbreak of disease affecting many animals of one kind at the same time.
Example
The farmer feared an epizootic might wipe out his cattle.
Der Bauer fürchtete, dass eine Epizootie sein Vieh auslöschen könnte.
C2 adjective /ɪkˌstɛmpəˈreɪniəs/

extemporaneous

spontan gehalten
Meaning
Spoken or done without preparation.
Example
He gave an extemporaneous speech at the meeting.
Er hielt eine extemporane Rede bei der Besprechung.
C2 verb /ɪˈvɜːrt/

evert

nach außen wenden
Meaning
To turn inside out or outward.
Example
The surgeon had to evert the eyelid during the procedure.
Der Chirurg musste das Augenlid während des Verfahrens wenden.
C2 verb /ɪˈfeɪsɪŋ/

effacing

auslöschen / sich unsichtbar machen
Meaning
erasing or making oneself inconspicuous; to remove or diminish in significance
Example
She kept effacing herself during the meeting so that others could shine.
Sie machte sich während des Treffens unsichtbar, damit andere glänzen konnten.
C2 noun /ɪkˈskrɛsəns/

excrescence

anormales Wachstum
Meaning
An abnormal outgrowth or lump, often considered unattractive.
Example
The building was considered an excrescence on the landscape.
Das Gebäude wurde als eine Auswüchse in der Landschaft betrachtet.
C2 adjective /ˈɛdɪfaɪɪŋ/

edifying

erbauend
Meaning
Providing moral or intellectual instruction or enlightenment.
Example
The documentary was both entertaining and edifying.
Die Dokumentation war sowohl unterhaltsam als auch erbauend.
C2 noun /ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtəns/

exorbitance

Exorbitanz
Meaning
The quality of being excessive, unreasonable, or going beyond proper limits.
Example
The exorbitance of the hotel's prices shocked the tourists.
Die Exorbitanz der Hotelpreise schockierte die Touristen.
C2 adjective /ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃəs/

expeditious

schnell
Meaning
Done with speed and efficiency.
Example
The expeditious delivery of the package was appreciated.
Die schnelle Lieferung des Pakets wurde geschätzt.
C2 noun /ˈɛpəʊd/

epode

eine Form von lyrischem Gedicht
Meaning
A form of lyric poem written in couplets, often following a strophe and antistrophe in classical Greek poetry.
Example
The poet concluded his ode with a striking epode.
Der Dichter schloss seine Ode mit einer eindrucksvolle Epode ab.
C2 noun /ˈɛndaɪv/ or /ˈɑːndɪv/

endive

Endivie
Meaning
A leafy vegetable belonging to the chicory family, often used in salads.
Example
She added fresh endive to the salad for a slightly bitter flavor.
Sie fügte frische Endivie zum Salat hinzu, um ihm einen leicht bitteren Geschmack zu verleihen.
C2 noun/adjective /ɪˈmɒliənt/

emollient

Substanz, die die Haut weich macht
Meaning
a substance that softens or soothes the skin
Example
She used an emollient cream to treat her dry skin.
Sie verwendete eine emollientcreme, um ihre trockene Haut zu behandeln.
C2 adjective /ɪˈpɪstələri/

epistolary

epistolisch
Meaning
Related to the writing of letters; expressed in or through letters.
Example
The novel is written in an epistolary style, consisting of letters between characters.
Der Roman ist im epistolischen Stil geschrieben, bestehend aus Briefen zwischen den Charakteren.
C2 noun /ˈɛpəlɛt/

epaulette

Schulterstück
Meaning
A variant spelling of epaulet, also meaning a shoulder ornament, especially on military uniforms.
Example
The officer’s epaulette shone brightly under the sunlight.
Die Epaulette des Offiziers glänzte hell im Sonnenlicht.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfiːt/

effete

schwach
Meaning
Lacking vitality, strength, or effectiveness; weak and overrefined.
Example
The empire became effete after centuries of indulgence.
Das Imperium wurde schwach nach Jahrhunderten des Genusses.
C2 noun /ɛmˈpɪrɪˌsɪzəm/

empiricism

Empirismus
Meaning
the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience
Example
Empiricism argues that knowledge comes from experience and observation.
Der Empirismus argumentiert, dass Wissen aus Erfahrung und Beobachtung kommt.
C2 adjective /ɛkˈstrɪnzɪk/

extrinsic

extrinsisch
Meaning
Not part of the essential nature of someone or something; coming from outside.
Example
His motivation was largely extrinsic, driven by rewards and recognition.
Seine Motivation war größtenteils extrinsisch, angetrieben von Belohnungen und Anerkennung.
C2 noun /ɪˈfjuːʒən/

effusion

Ausbruch
Meaning
An unrestrained outpouring of words, feelings, or emotions.
Example
His letter was an effusion of love and longing.
Sein Brief war ein Ausbruch von Liebe und Sehnsucht.
C2 verb /ɪˈfɛktʃueɪt/

effectuate

effektuieren
Meaning
to put into force or cause to happen; to bring about
Example
The manager effectuated the changes to improve efficiency.
Der Manager hat die Änderungen durchgeführt, um die Effizienz zu steigern.
C2 verb /ɪkˈspɒstjʊleɪt/

expostulate

widersprechen
Meaning
to express strong disapproval or disagreement
Example
She expostulated with her friend about the risky decision.
Sie widersprach ihrem Freund in Bezug auf die riskante Entscheidung.
C2 noun /ˈiːɡres/

egress

Ausgang
Meaning
The action of going out or leaving a place; an exit.
Example
The emergency door provided an egress for the trapped workers.
Die Notausgangstür bot einen Ausgang für die gefangenen Arbeiter.
C2 adjective /ˈɛkstənt/

extant

existierend
Meaning
Still in existence; surviving.
Example
Only a few manuscripts from the ancient library are extant.
Nur wenige Manuskripte aus der alten Bibliothek sind noch existent.
C2 noun /ˈɛksplɪkeɪtər/

explicator

Erklärer
Meaning
a person who explains or interprets something in detail
Example
The critic served as an explicator of the poet’s complex works.
Der Kritiker diente als Erklärer der komplexen Werke des Dichters.
C2 noun /ˈjuːfəni/

euphony

Euphonie
Meaning
The quality of being pleasing to the ear, especially through harmonious combination of words.
Example
The orator's speech was full of euphony and rhythm.
Die Rede des Redners war voll von Euphonie und Rhythmus.
C2 noun /juːˈdʒen.ɪks/

eugenics

Eugenik
Meaning
the study or practice of improving the genetic quality of the human population
Example
Eugenics has been criticized for its unethical applications in history.
Eugenik wurde aufgrund ihrer unethischen Anwendungen in der Geschichte kritisiert.
C2 noun /ˌɛksaɪˈteɪʃən/

excitation

Erregung
Meaning
a state of great excitement or the process of stimulating activity
Example
The news created great excitation among the fans.
Die Nachricht verursachte große Erregung unter den Fans.
C2 verb /ɪnˈθroʊn/

enthrone

krönen
Meaning
to install someone on a throne or to give someone high status
Example
The king was enthroned in a grand ceremony.
Der König wurde in einer großen Zeremonie gekrönt.
C2 noun /juːˌtrɑː.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

eutrophication

Überschuss an Nährstoffen in einem See oder anderen Gewässern
Meaning
Excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
Example
Excess fertilizers lead to eutrophication in lakes.
Exzessive Düngemittel führen zu Eutrophierung in Seen.
C2 noun /ɛnˈkoʊmiəm/

encomium

Lobrede
Meaning
A speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly.
Example
He delivered an encomium to his retiring teacher.
Er hielt eine Lobrede für seinen scheidenden Lehrer.
C2 verb /ɪkˈspʌndʒ/

expunge

löschen
Meaning
To erase or remove completely, often something unwanted.
Example
He managed to expunge the embarrassing memory from his mind.
Er hat es geschafft, die peinliche Erinnerung aus seinem Kopf zu löschen.
C2 adverb /ɪkˈstem.pɔːr/

Extempore

spontan; improvisiert
Meaning
without preparation; spontaneously; improvised
Example
The speaker delivered an impressive extempore speech at the conference.
Der Redner hielt eine beeindruckende extemporäre Rede auf der Konferenz.
C2 noun /ˌɛpɪˈdɜːrmɪs/

epidermis

äußere Schicht der Haut
Meaning
the outer layer of cells covering the body of an organism, especially the skin
Example
The epidermis protects the body from harmful bacteria.
Die Epidermis schützt den Körper vor schädlichen Bakterien.
C2 adjective /ˈɛrzæts/

ersatz

Ersatz
Meaning
made or used as a substitute, typically an inferior one
Example
The cheap shoes were made of ersatz leather.
Die billigen Schuhe waren aus Ersatzleder gefertigt.
C2 verb /ɛnˈfiːbəl/

enfeeble

schwächen
Meaning
To make weak or feeble; to deprive of strength.
Example
The long illness enfeebled the old man.
Die lange Krankheit schwächte den alten Mann.
C2 verb /ɪˈfeɪs/

efface

auslöschen
Meaning
To erase or wipe out something; to make oneself inconspicuous.
Example
Time had effaced the letters on the old gravestone.
Die Zeit hatte die Buchstaben auf dem alten Grabstein gelöscht.
C2 noun /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒɪst/

epistemologist

Epistemologe
Meaning
A scholar or expert who studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge.
Example
The epistemologist debated how humans can truly know anything with certainty.
Der Epistemologe debattierte darüber, wie Menschen wirklich etwas mit Sicherheit wissen können.
C2 noun /ˈjuːər/

ewer

Krug
Meaning
a large jug with a wide mouth, especially used in the past for carrying water
Example
The servant filled the ewer with fresh water.
Der Diener füllte den Krug mit frischem Wasser.
C2 adjective /ɛmˈpaɪriəl/

empyreal

himmlich
Meaning
Heavenly, divine, or relating to the highest heavens.
Example
The poet described the empyreal beauty of the stars.
Der Dichter beschrieb die himmlische Schönheit der Sterne.
C2 verb /ˌɛfəˈvɛs/

effervesce

sprudeln
Meaning
To give off bubbles of gas; to show excitement, liveliness, or enthusiasm.
Example
The soda began to effervesce as soon as it was opened.
Die Limonade begann zu sprudeln, sobald sie geöffnet wurde.
C2 verb /ɛksˈproʊprieɪt/

expropriate

enteignen
Meaning
To take property from its owner, especially by authority or for public use.
Example
The government decided to expropriate the land for a new highway.
Die Regierung hat beschlossen, das Land für eine neue Autobahn zu enteignen.
C2 adjective ˈɛr.jʊ.daɪt

erudite

gelehrt oder weise
Meaning
Having or showing great knowledge or learning; scholarly and intellectual.
Example
The professor's erudite lecture fascinated the students.
Die gelehrte Vorlesung des Professors faszinierte die Studenten.
C2 noun /ˈɪəri/

eyrie

Adlers Nest
Meaning
the nest of a bird of prey, such as an eagle, typically built high on a cliff or tree
Example
The eagle’s eyrie was perched high on the mountain cliff.
Das Adlers Nest war hoch auf der Felsenklippe.
C2 noun /ˈɛpɪˌsaɪkl/

epicycle

Epizykluskreis
Meaning
a small circle whose center moves around the circumference of a larger one, used in ancient astronomy
Example
The concept of the epicycle was used to explain planetary motion.
Das Konzept des Epizyklus wurde verwendet, um die Planetenbewegung zu erklären.
C2 verb /ɪˈnæmər/

enamor

verliebt sein
Meaning
to be filled with love or admiration for
Example
She was enamored with the beautiful scenery.
Sie war verliebt in die schöne Landschaft.
C2 adjective /ˌjuːləˈdʒɪstɪk/

eulogistic

lobend
Meaning
Expressing praise or admiration, often formally.
Example
The speaker gave a eulogistic account of the leader’s achievements.
Der Redner gab einen lobenden Bericht über die Errungenschaften des Führers.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtriːti/

entreaty

Bittschrift
Meaning
An earnest or humble request or plea.
Example
She made an entreaty for peace during the heated argument.
Sie machte eine Bittschrift für Frieden während der hitzigen Diskussion.
C2 noun /ɪˈklɛktɪˌsɪzəm/

eclecticism

Eklektizismus
Meaning
A method or practice of deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources.
Example
The architect’s work shows eclecticism by blending modern and traditional elements.
Die Arbeit des Architekten zeigt Eklektizismus, indem moderne und traditionelle Elemente miteinander vermischt werden.
C2 noun /ɛmˈpɔːriəm/

emporium

großes Geschäft
Meaning
A large retail store selling a wide variety of goods.
Example
They visited the new emporium to buy furniture and home decor.
Sie besuchten das neue Emporium, um Möbel und Wohnaccessoires zu kaufen.
C2 noun /ˈɛpəlɛt/

epaulet

Schulterklappe
Meaning
An ornamental shoulder piece on a garment, especially on the coat or jacket of a military uniform.
Example
The general’s uniform had a golden epaulet on each shoulder.
Die Uniform des Generals hatte an jeder Schulter eine goldene Schulterklappe.
C2 verb /ˈeksɔːrsaɪz/

exorcise

austreiben
Meaning
To drive out an evil spirit or bad influence through rituals or prayers.
Example
The priest was called to exorcise the spirit from the house.
Der Priester wurde gerufen, um den Geist aus dem Haus zu vertreiben.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdjuː/

endue

ausstatten
Meaning
To provide or endow with a quality or ability.
Example
The leader was endued with wisdom and courage.
Der Führer wurde mit Weisheit und Mut ausgestattet.
C2 noun /ˌɛləˈkjuːʃn/

elocution

Rhetorik
Meaning
The skill of clear and expressive speech, especially in public speaking.
Example
She improved her elocution through constant practice.
Sie verbesserte ihre Rhetorik durch ständiges Üben.
C2 adjective /ˈɪrˌsplɪtɪŋ/

earsplitting

ohrenbetäubend
Meaning
extremely loud or piercing sound
Example
The earsplitting noise of the fire alarm startled everyone.
Das ohrenbetäubende Geräusch des Feueralarms erschreckte alle.
C2 noun /ɪnˈkʌmbrəns/

encumbrance

last / hindernis
Meaning
a burden or obstacle that makes progress or movement difficult
Example
Debt can become a serious encumbrance in life.
Schulden können ein ernstes Hindernis im Leben werden.
C2 verb /ˈekspərˌɡeɪt/

expurgate

säubern
Meaning
To remove offensive or objectionable parts from a text or speech.
Example
The publisher decided to expurgate the novel before reprinting it.
Der Verlag beschloss, den Roman vor dem Nachdruck zu säubern.
C2 noun /ˈɛkwɪpɔɪz/

equipoise

Gleichgewicht
Meaning
A state of balance or equilibrium.
Example
Her calmness created an equipoise in the heated debate.
Ihre Ruhe schuf ein Gleichgewicht in der hitzigen Debatte.
C2 verb /ɪkˈspeɪʃiˌeɪt/

expatiate

ausführlich sprechen oder schreiben
Meaning
to speak or write at length or in detail
Example
The professor expatiated on the importance of critical thinking.
Der Professor expatierte über die Bedeutung des kritischen Denkens.
C2 noun /ɪˈpɪsəl/

epistle

Epistel
Meaning
A letter, especially a formal or didactic one; often used for letters in the New Testament.
Example
He wrote a long epistle to his friend about his travels.
Er schrieb seinem Freund einen langen Brief über seine Reisen.