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C1 verb kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt

corroborate

bestätigen
Meaning
Confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding.
Example
The witness corroborated the defendant's testimony.
Der Zeuge hat die Aussage des Angeklagten korrigiert.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

chivalrous

ritterlich
Meaning
Behaving in a courteous, gallant, and honorable way, especially toward women.
Example
He was chivalrous, always opening doors for others.
Er war ritterlich, öffnete immer Türen für andere.
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

chauvinistisch
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
Seine chauvinistische Haltung entfremdete viele seiner weiblichen Kolleginnen.
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

kompakt
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
Protonen und Neutronen sind kompakt angeordnet.
C1 noun /kɔːr/

corps

Zweig der Armee, Gruppe
Meaning
a branch of the military or a group organized for a specific purpose
Example
He joined the army corps after graduation.
Er trat dem Armeekorps nach seinem Abschluss bei.
C1 verb /kəˈleɪt/

collate

zusammenstellen
Meaning
to collect, arrange, and combine in order
Example
The secretary collated the reports before the meeting.
Die Sekretärin ordnete die Berichte vor dem Meeting an.
C1 verb /ˈkrɒs.briːd/

crossbreed

kreuzen
Meaning
to produce an animal or plant by mating two different breeds, varieties, or species
Example
Farmers crossbreed cows to improve milk production.
Bauern kreuzen Kühe, um die Milchproduktion zu verbessern.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

verachtenswert, abscheulich
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
Seine betrügerischen Handlungen waren wirklich verachtenswert.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

Kluft / großer Unterschied
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Es gab eine große Kluft zwischen den beiden politischen Parteien.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpensətɔːri/

compensatory

entschädigend
Meaning
serving to make up for a loss, damage, or injury
Example
The court awarded him compensatory damages.
Das Gericht sprach ihm Entschädigungszahlungen zu.
C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

kohäsive Einheiten
Meaning
Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.
Example
Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.
Frühe Menschen bildeten kohäsive Einheiten zum Überleben.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

zwanghaft
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
Er ist ein zwanghafter Spieler, der nicht aufhören kann, Wetten abzuschließen.
C1 noun /ˈkærɪkətjʊə/

caricature

Karikatur
Meaning
A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.
Example
The magazine published a caricature of the politician.
Das Magazin veröffentlichte eine Karikatur des Politikers.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

klimafest
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Klimafeste Pflanzen können extreme Wetterbedingungen überleben.
C1 verb /kənˈstrɪkt/

constrict

verengen
Meaning
to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress
Example
The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.
Die Schlange verengte ihre Beute, bevor sie sie verschlang.
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

Kapillare
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
Sauerstoff gelangt durch Kapillaren vom Blut in das Gewebe.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

Konformist
Meaning
A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.
Example
She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.
Sie wurde als Konformistin bezeichnet, weil sie immer der Menge folgte.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

zerebral
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
Zerebrale Funktionen regulieren Gedanken.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛkərd/

chequered

gecheckt
Meaning
Having a pattern of squares, or marked by varied and contrasting experiences or periods.
Example
He had a chequered career with both great successes and failures.
Er hatte eine gecheckte Karriere mit großen Erfolgen und Misserfolgen.
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

heilbar
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
Der Arzt versicherte ihr, dass die Krankheit heilbar war.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

consequential

entscheidend
Meaning
Having important or significant consequences; resulting from something.
Example
The meeting was consequential for the future of the project.
Das Treffen war entscheidend für die Zukunft des Projekts.
C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

auffällig
Meaning
Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.
Example
Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.
Ihr rotes Kleid machte sie auf der Party auffällig.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

herablassend
Meaning
having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
Example
Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.
Ihr herablassender Ton verärgerte ihre Kollegen.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

warnend
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
Der Bericht gibt eine warnende Botschaft über unkontrollierte Ausgaben.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

trostlos; düster; traurig; ohne Freude
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
Das alte Haus sah trostlos und verlassen im Winterregen aus.
C1 adjective /kɔɪ/

coy

schüchtern, zurückhaltend
Meaning
reluctant to give details or reveal feelings; shy or reserved
Example
She gave a coy smile when asked about her plans.
Sie schenkte ein schüchternes Lächeln, als sie nach ihren Plänen gefragt wurde.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

gegenintuitiv
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
Sein Ansatz scheint gegenintuitiv, aber er funktioniert tatsächlich.
C1 noun /kɑst/

Caste

Kaste; Kastensystem
Meaning
a social class system; a hereditary class of Hindu society
Example
The ancient caste system divided society into different social groups.
Das alte Kastensystem teilte die Gesellschaft in verschiedene soziale Gruppen.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

Absperrung
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
Die Polizei errichtete ein Kordon um den Tatort.
C1 noun /kliːˈʃeɪ/

cliche

Klümpchen
Meaning
An overused expression or idea that has lost its originality or impact.
Example
The speech was filled with old clichés that failed to inspire the audience.
Die Rede war voll von alten Klischees, die das Publikum nicht inspirieren konnten.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

Ereignisse in der Reihenfolge aufzeichnen, in der sie stattgefunden haben
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Sie beschloss, ihre Reise durch einen Blog zu dokumentieren.
C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

Speicherfestigung
Meaning
The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory
Example
Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
Schlaf spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Konsolidierung von Erinnerungen.
C1 verb /ˈkʌvət/

covet

begehren
Meaning
to desire something belonging to someone else
Example
He coveted his neighbor's new car.
Er begehrte das neue Auto seines Nachbarn.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

Leichenschauaer
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
Der Leichenschauaer stellte fest, dass die Todesursache natürlich war.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

Kriegsgespann
Meaning
an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing
Example
The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.
Der Krieger fuhr mit seinem Kriegsgespann mutig in die Schlacht.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

Kartograf
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
Der Kartograf zeichnete sorgfältig die Karte des neuen Gebiets.
C1 noun /kɔːrs flaʊər/

Course flour

grobes Mehl
Meaning
coarsely ground flour with larger particles, typically used for baking bread
Example
She used course flour to make homemade bread with a rustic texture.
Sie verwendete grobes Mehl, um hausgemachtes Brot mit einer rustikalen Textur zu backen.
C1 noun ˈkɒnfluəns

confluence

Zusammenfluss
Meaning
An act or process of merging.
Example
The confluence of ideas from different cultures created a rich discussion.
Der Zusammenfluss von Ideen aus verschiedenen Kulturen schuf eine reiche Diskussion.
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

lobenswerte Initiativen
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
Die lobenswerten Initiativen zielen darauf ab, das Bewusstsein zu erhöhen.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

Schlüsselbein
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
Er hat sich das Schlüsselbein im Unfall gebrochen.
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

krebserregend
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
Verarbeitetes Fleisch enthält krebserregende Verbindungen.
C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

kosmologie
Meaning
the science of the origin and development of the universe
Example
She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.
Sie studierte Kosmologie, um die Ursprünge des Universums zu verstehen.
C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

leises Lachen
Meaning
a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement
Example
He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.
Er gab ein leises Lachen von sich, als er den lustigen Witz hörte.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

korrodieren
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
Die Eisenrohre korodierten im Laufe der Zeit durch die Wasserexposition.
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

Meister / Gewinner
Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
Er ist der neue Meister des Boxturniers.
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

Kompression
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
Die Datei-Kompression hilft, den Speicherbedarf zu reduzieren.
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

Clan
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
Der ganze Clan versammelte sich, um das Festival zu feiern.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagaration

Rechtschreibfehler (von 'conflagration')
Meaning
This is a common misspelling of 'conflagration', which means a large, destructive fire.
Example
The term 'conflagaration' is often incorrectly used instead of 'conflagration'.
Der Begriff 'conflagaration' wird oft fälschlicherweise anstelle von 'conflagration' verwendet.
C1 adjective /kənˈtraɪvd/

contrived

künstlich oder erzwungen; nicht natürlich oder spontan
Meaning
artificial or forced; not natural or spontaneous
Example
The ending of the movie felt contrived and unrealistic.
Das Ende des Films fühlte sich konstruiert und unrealistisch an.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

Kommandowirtschaft
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
In einer Kommandowirtschaft kontrolliert der Staat Produktion und Preise.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

Gewichtseinheit für Edelsteine
Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
Sie erhielt einen Diamantring mit zwei Karat für ihre Verlobung.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

mit Hunden verwandt / Hundezähne
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
Die Polizei hat eine Hundestaffel für Suchoperationen ausgebildet.
C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

kommemorieren
Meaning
To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.
Example
The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.
Die Statue wurde errichtet, um die gefallenen Helden zu ehren.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

Kenner
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Sie ist eine wahre Kennerin der feinen Kunst.
C1 verb /kraʊtʃ/

crouch

kauern
Meaning
to bend your knees and lower your body close to the ground
Example
The cat crouched before leaping at its prey.
Die Katze kauerte sich nieder, bevor sie auf ihre Beute sprang.
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

Farce, Schauspielspiel
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
Der Prozess war nichts anderes als eine politische Farce.
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

zusammenleben
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
Sie beschlossen, vor der Hochzeit zusammenzuleben.
C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

Kaskade; eine Reihe von Stufen oder Prozessen
Meaning
a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations
Example
The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.
Der Bergwasserfall schuf einen wunderschönen natürlichen Swimmingpool darunter.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

konsulat
Meaning
the building or office where a consul works
Example
He went to the consulate to renew his visa.
Er ging zum Konsulat, um sein Visum zu verlängern.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

verachtend, abschätzig
Meaning
showing or expressing contempt; scornful
Example
She gave him a contemptuous glance.
Sie warf ihm einen verachtenden Blick zu.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrlər/

curler

Lockenwickler
Meaning
A small roller used for curling hair.
Example
She used a curler to style her hair for the party.
Sie benutzte einen Lockenstab, um ihre Haare für die Party zu stylen.
C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

Gedenk
Meaning
Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.
Example
They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.
Sie gaben eine Gedenkmünze zum Jahrestag der Unabhängigkeit heraus.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

Kolumnist
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
Der Kolumnist schrieb einen Artikel über den Klimawandel.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

kanonisch / akzeptiert
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Shakespeares Werke gelten als kanonisch in der englischen Literatur.
C1 noun, verb /kriːs/

crease

Falte, Knick
Meaning
a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle
Example
She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease.
Sie bügelte das Hemd sorgfältig, um jede Falte zu entfernen.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

kapitulieren
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
Die Armee hatte keine Wahl, als vor dem Feind zu kapitulieren.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

Seelsorger
Meaning
A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.
Example
The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.
Der Militärseelsorger sprach Gebete vor der Schlacht.
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

Kakadu
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
Der weiße Kakadu hob seinen schönen Kamm.
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

schuldig
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
Der Richter erklärte ihn für den Unfall schuldig.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

Wassertank
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
Das alte Haus hatte immer noch einen Wassertank zur Sammlung von Regenwasser.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

ätzend, scharf
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Ihre ätzenden Bemerkungen verletzten seine Gefühle.
C1 adjective/noun /ˈkɜːrsɪv/

cursive

Kursive Schrift
Meaning
Written with characters joined together in a flowing manner.
Example
The teacher asked students to write the essay in cursive handwriting.
Der Lehrer bat die Schüler, den Aufsatz in kursiver Handschrift zu schreiben.
C1 noun /kənˈdəʊləns/

condolence

Beileid
Meaning
An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of death.
Example
She offered her sincere condolence to the grieving family.
Sie bot der trauernden Familie ihr aufrichtiges Beileid an.
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

klug
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
Sie tätigte eine kluge Investition in Immobilien.
C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

Warnung
Meaning
a warning or condition to be considered before taking action
Example
The proposal was accepted with one caveat.
Der Vorschlag wurde mit einer Warnung akzeptiert.
C1 noun /kuː/

coup

Staatsstreich
Meaning
a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government
Example
The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.
Das Militär führte einen Staatsstreich durch, um das bestehende Regime zu stürzen.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

Zynismus
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Sein Zynismus machte es ihm schwer, jemandem zu vertrauen.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənt/

condiment

Gewürz/Sauce
Meaning
a substance such as salt, mustard, or ketchup that is used to add flavor to food
Example
Ketchup is a popular condiment in many countries.
Ketchup ist ein beliebtes Gewürz in vielen Ländern.
C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

scharf kritisieren / bestrafen
Meaning
to criticize or punish severely
Example
The teacher chastised the student for being late.
Der Lehrer hat den Schüler für das Zuspätkommen scharf zurechtgewiesen.
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

aus Angst kauern
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
Das Kind kauerte sich während des Gewitters hinter dem Sofa.
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

Kalkül
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
Der Kalkül ist für fortgeschrittene Studien in Physik und Ingenieurwesen unerlässlich.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

Gewächshaus / Musik- und Kunstschule
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
Sie züchteten exotische Pflanzen im Gewächshaus.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

koinzident
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
Das Festival war mit dem Nationalfeiertag koizident.
C1 verb /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/

congregate

sich versammeln, sich treffen
Meaning
to gather together in a group; to assemble
Example
People congregate in the town square every evening.
Menschen versammeln sich jeden Abend auf dem Stadtplatz.
C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

Klimaregulation
Meaning
The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.
Example
Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.
Wälder helfen bei der Klimaregulation, indem sie die lokalen Temperaturen stabilisieren.
C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

Konformität, Gehorsam, Übereinstimmung
Meaning
Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.
Example
Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.
Strikte Konformität zu den Regeln gewährleistet Ordnung in der Gesellschaft.
C1 noun /səˈvɪləti/

civility

Zivilität
Meaning
Polite and courteous behavior.
Example
He treated his opponent with civility despite their differences.
Er behandelte seinen Gegner mit Zivilität, trotz ihrer Unterschiede.
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

karnivor
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
Löwen sind karnivore Tiere, die andere Tiere zur Nahrung jagen.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

unterteilen
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Um die Effizienz zu steigern, unterteilte er seine Arbeitsaufgaben.
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

beschwören
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
Der Magier beschwor ein Kaninchen aus dem Hut.
C1 noun /kəmˈpəʊ.ʒər/

composure

Zustand der Ruhe und Selbstbeherrschung
Meaning
The state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.
Example
She maintained her composure during the interview.
Sie bewahrte ihre Ruhe während des Interviews.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪsən/

christen

taufen
Meaning
to give a name to someone at baptism or to name something officially
Example
They christened the ship after the queen.
Sie tauften das Schiff nach der Königin.
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

zynisch; skeptische Person
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
Der alte Zyniker glaubte, dass Politiker nur daran interessiert waren, Stimmen zu bekommen.
C1 noun /ˈtʃænsələr/

chancellor

Kanzler / Rektor
Meaning
A senior state or legal official, or the head of a university.
Example
The chancellor delivered an inspiring speech at the graduation ceremony.
Der Kanzler hielt eine inspirierende Rede bei der Abschlussfeier.
C1 noun /kənˈspɪrə.tər/

conspirator

Verschwörer
Meaning
a person who secretly plans with others to do something unlawful or harmful
Example
The conspirator was arrested before the plan could be carried out.
Der Verschwörer wurde festgenommen, bevor der Plan umgesetzt werden konnte.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

umgangssprache
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
Der Roman ist voller regionaler Umgangssprachen.
C1 noun /kuːp/

coop

ein kleiner Stall oder Käfig für Hühner oder andere Vögel
Meaning
a small enclosure or cage for chickens or other birds
Example
The farmer checked the chickens in the coop every morning.
Der Bauer überprüfte jeden Morgen die Hühner im Stall.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

Klientel
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
Die Klientel des Salons umfasst viele hochrangige Persönlichkeiten.
C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

kreuzweise
Meaning
in the form of a cross; diagonally across
Example
Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.
Lege die Holzscheite kreuzweise, um ein stabiles Feuer zu bauen.
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

zärtlichkeit
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
Die sanfte Zärtlichkeit der Mutter beruhigte das weinende Baby.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

cosmopolitan

kosmopolitisch
Meaning
familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures
Example
He has a cosmopolitan outlook due to his extensive travels.
Er hat eine kosmopolitische Perspektive aufgrund seiner ausgedehnten Reisen.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

kohärenz
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
Der Aufsatz hatte keine Kohärenz, was es schwer machte, ihm zu folgen.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

Vertrauter
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Sie fand einen echten Vertrauten in ihrem Kindheitsfreund.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

kristallisieren
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
Ihre vagen Gedanken begannen, sich in einen klaren Plan zu kristallisieren.
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

Kalamität; Katastrophe
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
Das Erdbeben war eine schreckliche Kalamität, die Tausende von Familien betroffen hat.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

Kalibrierung
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
Die Genauigkeit einer Waage hängt von regelmäßiger Kalibrierung ab.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

kentern
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
Das kleine Fischerboot kenterte während des Sturms.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

Korrosion
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
Korrosion in Rohren führt zu Leckagen.
C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

zusammenzucken
Meaning
To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
She cringed when she remembered her mistake.
Sie zuckte zusammen, als sie an ihren Fehler dachte.
C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

kumulativ
Meaning
Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.
Example
The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.
Die kumulative Wirkung von Stress kann Ihrer Gesundheit schaden.
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

Sackgasse
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
Sie kauften ein Haus am Ende einer ruhigen Sackgasse.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

Polizist
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
Der Polizist leitete den Verkehr an der belebten Kreuzung.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

dunkelrot
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
Der dunkelrote Sonnenuntergang malte den Himmel mit schönen Farben.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

Zitronensäure
Meaning
a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent
Example
Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.
Fügen Sie eine Prise Zitronensäure hinzu, um die Farbe der Fruchtmarmelade zu erhalten.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

complicit

komplize (bei einem Verbrechen)
Meaning
involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
He was found complicit in the crime.
Er wurde als Komplize im Verbrechen gefunden.
C1 noun /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/

Compulsion

Zwang; Nötigung;
Meaning
the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way
Example
He felt a strong compulsion to check his phone every few minutes.
Er fühlte einen starken Zwang, sein Telefon alle paar Minuten zu überprüfen.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

die Kunst der schönen und dekorativen Handschrift
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
Sie machte einen Kurs, um ihre Kalligraphie-Fähigkeiten zu verbessern.
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

Betrüger
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
Die Polizei hat schließlich den Betrüger gefasst, der Autos gestohlen hatte.
C1 verb /ˈkænvəs/

canvass

Stimmen sammeln
Meaning
to solicit votes or opinions; to examine thoroughly; to discuss in detail
Example
They will canvass the neighborhood for votes.
Sie werden die Nachbarschaft für Stimmen abklappern.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

Feigheit
Meaning
lack of courage; behavior showing fear
Example
His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.
Seine Feigheit hinderte ihn daran, zu sprechen.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

rohr / medium
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
Das Kabel wurde in ein schützendes Rohr gelegt.