conceptualize
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C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

konzipieren
Meaning
to form an idea or concept of something in your mind
Example
The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.
Der Künstler hat ein neues Design für die Ausstellung konzipiert.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

Sternbild
Meaning
a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky
Example
Orion is one of the most famous constellations.
Orion ist eines der bekanntesten Sternbilder.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

Katapult
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
Die Erfindung katapultierte ihn zu internationalem Ruhm.
C1 verb /kənˈkɜːr/

concur

zustimmen
Meaning
To agree with someone or something.
Example
I concur with your opinion on this matter.
Ich stimme Ihrer Meinung zu in dieser Angelegenheit.
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

kryptisch, rätselhaft, unklar
Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
Die Nachricht war kryptisch und schwer zu entschlüsseln.
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

der Kern
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
Der Kern des Problems liegt in schlechter Kommunikation.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

Wassertank
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
Das alte Haus hatte immer noch einen Wassertank zur Sammlung von Regenwasser.
C1 verb /ˈkæptɪveɪt/

captivate

fesseln, anziehen
Meaning
to attract and hold the interest of; to charm or fascinate
Example
Her beautiful voice captivated the audience.
Ihre schöne Stimme fesselte das Publikum.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

Korrosion
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
Korrosion in Rohren führt zu Leckagen.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

verachtenswert, abscheulich
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
Seine betrügerischen Handlungen waren wirklich verachtenswert.
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

karnivor
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
Löwen sind karnivore Tiere, die andere Tiere zur Nahrung jagen.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

trostlos; düster; traurig; ohne Freude
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
Das alte Haus sah trostlos und verlassen im Winterregen aus.
C1 noun kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən

cognition

Kognition
Meaning
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example
Cognition plays a key role in learning.
Kognition spielt eine Schlüsselrolle beim Lernen.
C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

Gemeinde
Meaning
a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose
Example
The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.
Die Gemeinde versammelte sich, um die Predigt zu hören.
C1 noun /ˈkʌl.ən.dər/

Colander

Sieb
Meaning
a bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food such as pasta or rice
Example
She drained the pasta using a colander.
Sie hat die Pasta mit einem Sieb abgegossen.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrdəməm/

Cardamom

Kardamom
Meaning
aromatic seeds from a plant in the ginger family, used as a spice
Example
The recipe calls for a pinch of ground cardamom.
Das Rezept erfordert eine Prise gemahlenen Kardamoms.
C1 noun ˈkəmˌpaʊndɪŋ

compounding

Zinseszinsen
Meaning
The process whereby interest is added to an amount of money and future interest is calculated on the total.
Example
Compounding interest increases the value of investments over time.
Zinseszinsen erhöhen den Wert von Investitionen im Laufe der Zeit.
C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

Konsumismus
Meaning
The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.
Example
Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.
Moderne Konsumismus führt zu einer erhöhten Nachfrage nach Luxusgütern.
C1 noun /kliːˈʃeɪ/

cliche

Klümpchen
Meaning
An overused expression or idea that has lost its originality or impact.
Example
The speech was filled with old clichés that failed to inspire the audience.
Die Rede war voll von alten Klischees, die das Publikum nicht inspirieren konnten.
C1 noun /kɑst/

Caste

Kaste; Kastensystem
Meaning
a social class system; a hereditary class of Hindu society
Example
The ancient caste system divided society into different social groups.
Das alte Kastensystem teilte die Gesellschaft in verschiedene soziale Gruppen.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛndər/

contender

Konkurrent, Anwärter
Meaning
a person or team competing for a title or prize
Example
She is a strong contender for the mayoral position.
Sie ist eine starke Anwärterin für das Bürgermeisteramt.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

Berechnung
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Komplexe Berechnungen sind für KI-Modelle erforderlich.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

Absperrung
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
Die Polizei errichtete ein Kordon um den Tatort.
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

Clan
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
Der ganze Clan versammelte sich, um das Festival zu feiern.
C1 verb /kənˈsaɪn/

consign

übergeben
Meaning
to deliver something to a person or place, often for selling or safekeeping
Example
He consigned the package to the shipping company.
Er hat das Paket an die Versandfirma übergeben.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

Ereignisse in der Reihenfolge aufzeichnen, in der sie stattgefunden haben
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Sie beschloss, ihre Reise durch einen Blog zu dokumentieren.
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

kompakt
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
Protonen und Neutronen sind kompakt angeordnet.
C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

schneidermesser
Meaning
a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables
Example
The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.
Der Koch benutzte ein Schneidermesser, um die Hühnerknochen zu schneiden.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊmə/

coma

Koma
Meaning
A deep state of prolonged unconsciousness caused by illness or injury.
Example
The patient remained in a coma for several weeks.
Der Patient blieb mehrere Wochen im Koma.
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

Kapillaren
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
Kapillaren verursachen dunkle Ringe.
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

Selbstzufriedenheit
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
Seine Selbstzufriedenheit führte zu einem Rückgang seiner Leistung.
C1 noun /ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/

compilation

Sammlung
Meaning
a collection of things, especially pieces of writing or music, gathered together
Example
The book is a compilation of his best essays.
Das Buch ist eine Sammlung seiner besten Essays.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

Kommandowirtschaft
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
In einer Kommandowirtschaft kontrolliert der Staat Produktion und Preise.
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

Sackgasse
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
Sie kauften ein Haus am Ende einer ruhigen Sackgasse.
C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

Warnung
Meaning
a warning or condition to be considered before taking action
Example
The proposal was accepted with one caveat.
Der Vorschlag wurde mit einer Warnung akzeptiert.
C1 adjective /kɜːrt/

curt

kürz
Meaning
Rudely brief in speech or manner.
Example
His curt reply made everyone uncomfortable.
Seine kürzere Antwort machte alle unbehaglich.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

klimafest
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Klimafeste Pflanzen können extreme Wetterbedingungen überleben.
C1 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

contravene

verstoßen
Meaning
to go against or act in opposition to a law, rule, or agreement
Example
He contravened the safety regulations and was fined.
Er verstieß gegen die Sicherheitsvorschriften und wurde bestraft.
C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

Einfluss
Meaning
influence or power, especially in politics or business
Example
The businessman has a lot of political clout.
Der Geschäftsmann hat viel politischen Einfluss.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

Chauvinismus
Meaning
Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.
Example
The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.
Die Unternehmenskultur wurde dafuer kritisiert, maennlichen Chauvinismus zu foerdern.
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

schimpfen
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
Der Lehrer schimpfte den Schüler für das Zuspätkommen.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

benachbart
Meaning
sharing a common border; touching
Example
The two continguous houses shared a wall.
Die beiden benachbarten Häuser teilten sich eine Wand.
C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

berechnend
Meaning
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
Example
He had a cold and calculating approach to business.
Er hatte einen kalten und berechnenden Ansatz im Geschäft.
C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

Kläger
Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
Der Kläger reichte nach dem Unfall einen Antrag auf Entschädigung ein.
C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

Karpfen
Meaning
A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food
Example
Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.
Der Karpfen ist ein wichtiger Fisch in der Aquakultur.
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

Kakadu
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
Der weiße Kakadu hob seinen schönen Kamm.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

Brechstange
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
Er benutzte einen Kuhfuß, um die alten Nägel zu entfernen.
C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

kreuzweise
Meaning
in the form of a cross; diagonally across
Example
Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.
Lege die Holzscheite kreuzweise, um ein stabiles Feuer zu bauen.
C1 noun kənˈsɔː.ti.əm

consortium

Konsortium
Meaning
An association of several companies or organizations formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.
Example
The consortium worked collaboratively to build the cable.
Das Konsortium arbeitete gemeinsam an der Herstellung des Kabels.
C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

komprimieren
Meaning
to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller
Example
The file was compressed to save storage space.
Die Datei wurde komprimiert, um Speicherplatz zu sparen.
C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/

cholera

Cholera
Meaning
An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Example
The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.
Das Dorf erlebte nach der Flut einen Choleraausbruch.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

Kontrapunkt
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
Ihre ruhige Haltung war ein Kontrapunkt zu seinem Ärger.
C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

Meißel
Meaning
a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal
Example
The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.
Der Zimmermann benutzte einen Meißel, um das Holz zu schnitzen.
C1 noun /ˌkɒrəˈneɪʃən/

coronation

Krönung
Meaning
the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or monarch
Example
The coronation of the new king was attended by thousands of people.
Die Krönung des neuen Königs wurde von tausenden Menschen besucht.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

tiefe Nachdenklichkeit
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
Sie saß in tiefer Nachdenklichkeit, bevor sie ihre Entscheidung traf.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrməns/

conformance

Übereinstimmung
Meaning
The act of conforming to a rule, standard, or law.
Example
The product was tested for conformance with safety standards.
Das Produkt wurde auf Übereinstimmung mit den Sicherheitsstandards getestet.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/

contingency

Notfallplan
Meaning
A provision for an unforeseen event or circumstance, especially in financial planning.
Example
The company has a contingency plan for economic downturns.
Das Unternehmen hat einen Notfallplan für wirtschaftliche Abschwünge.
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

zärtlichkeit
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
Die sanfte Zärtlichkeit der Mutter beruhigte das weinende Baby.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/

confiscate

konfiszieren
Meaning
to take something away officially, often as a punishment
Example
The teacher confiscated the student's phone during class.
Der Lehrer konfiskierte das Handy des Schülers während des Unterrichts.
C1 noun, verb /kriːs/

crease

Falte, Knick
Meaning
a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle
Example
She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease.
Sie bügelte das Hemd sorgfältig, um jede Falte zu entfernen.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpleɪsənt/

complacent

selbstzufrieden
Meaning
showing self-satisfaction and a lack of concern about potential dangers or problems
Example
The team grew complacent after a few victories and stopped practicing hard.
Das Team wurde nach einigen Siegen selbstzufrieden und hörte auf, hart zu trainieren.
C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

Baumwollstoff
Meaning
textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable
Example
Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.
Baumwollstoff ist perfekt für Sommerkleidung.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

warnend
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
Der Bericht gibt eine warnende Botschaft über unkontrollierte Ausgaben.
C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

Kohlenstoffbindung
Meaning
The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.
Example
Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.
Wälder spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Kohlenstoffbindung.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

versöhnlich
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
Sie sprach in einem versöhnlichen Ton, um die Spannung abzubauen.
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

gleichzeitig, parallel, zur selben Zeit stattfindend
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
Die Konferenz hatte gleichzeitige Sitzungen zu verschiedenen Themen.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

centiliter

Zentiliter
Meaning
A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.
Example
The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk.
Das Rezept benoetigt 20 Zentiliter Milch.
C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl/

categorical

kategorisch
Meaning
Absolute and without exception; expressed clearly and directly.
Example
She gave a categorical denial of the allegations.
Sie gab eine kategorische Ablehnung der Anschuldigungen.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

die Kunst der schönen und dekorativen Handschrift
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
Sie machte einen Kurs, um ihre Kalligraphie-Fähigkeiten zu verbessern.
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

Gipfel
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Die Wanderer erreichten den Gipfel des Berges beim Sonnenaufgang.
C1 noun /ˈkʌˈs.tə.di/

Custody

Sorgerecht; Haft; Vormundschaft
Meaning
the protective care or guardianship of someone or something; imprisonment or detention
Example
After the divorce, they shared custody of their children equally.
Nach der Scheidung teilten sie sich das Sorgerecht für ihre Kinder gleichermaßen.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

tiefe Spalte
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
Die Bergsteiger überquerten vorsichtig die eisige Spalte.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

Zitronensäure
Meaning
a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent
Example
Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.
Fügen Sie eine Prise Zitronensäure hinzu, um die Farbe der Fruchtmarmelade zu erhalten.
C1 noun sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm

circadian rhythm

zirkadianer Rhythmus
Meaning
The body's natural sleep-wake cycle that occurs within 24 hours
Example
Exposure to natural light regulates the circadian rhythm.
Die Exposition gegenüber natürlichem Licht reguliert den zirkadianen Rhythmus.
C1 noun kənˈɡlɒm.ər.ət

conglomerate

Konglomerat
Meaning
A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms.
Example
The company grew into a multinational conglomerate.
Das Unternehmen wurde zu einem multinationalen Konglomerat.
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

Oberbefehlshaber
Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
Der Präsident dient als Oberbefehlshaber der Streitkräfte.
C1 verb /kənˈtraɪv/

contrive

erfinden
Meaning
to plan or devise cleverly or skillfully
Example
She contrived a clever plan to surprise her friends.
Sie ersann einen klugen Plan, um ihre Freunde zu überraschen.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

kosmos blume
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Die Cosmos-Blumen schwangen sanft im Sommerwind über die Wiese.
C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

Kreuzkümmel
Meaning
A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor
Example
Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.
Kreuzkümmel ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der indischen und nahöstlichen Küche.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

Konvoi
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
Der Militärkonvoi zog bei Morgengrauen durch die Wüste.
C1 adjective /kənˈɡrɛʃənl/

congressional

kongressbezogen
Meaning
relating to a congress, especially the US Congress
Example
The bill received strong congressional support.
Das Gesetz erhielt starke kongressbezogene Unterstützung.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt/

confidante

Vertraute Freundin
Meaning
A woman with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting her not to repeat it.
Example
The queen’s maid became her most trusted confidante.
Die Magd der Königin wurde ihre vertrauenswürdigste Vertraute.
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

zusammenklappbar
Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
Sie kaufte einen zusammenklappbaren Stuhl für das Campen.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ/

centrifuge

Zentrifuge
Meaning
A machine that spins substances at high speed to separate different components.
Example
The lab technician used a centrifuge to separate the blood cells from the plasma.
Der Laborant benutzte eine Zentrifuge, um die Blutzellen vom Plasma zu trennen.
C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

Kruste
Meaning
the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer
Example
He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.
Er schnitt die Kruste des Brotes ab, bevor er aß.
C1 verb /kənˈdʒɛst/

congest

verstopfen
Meaning
To block or overcrowd a space, making movement or flow difficult.
Example
Heavy traffic can congest the city streets during rush hour.
Schwerer Verkehr kann die Straßen der Stadt während der Stoßzeiten verstopfen.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

Gewächshaus / Musik- und Kunstschule
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
Sie züchteten exotische Pflanzen im Gewächshaus.
C1 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Ceremonial

zeremoniell
Meaning
relating to or used in ceremonies; formal and ritualistic
Example
The ceremonial dress was worn during the royal wedding.
Das zeremonielle Kleid wurde bei der königlichen Hochzeit getragen.
C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

Glaubwürdigkeit, Vertrauen
Meaning
belief in or acceptance of something as true
Example
The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.
Der Zeuge gab dem Alibi des Angeklagten Glaubwürdigkeit.
C1 noun /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dɚ.i/

camaraderie

Kameradschaft, Freundschaft, Verbundenheit
Meaning
Mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.
Example
The camaraderie among teammates was inspiring.
Die Kameradschaft unter den Teammitgliedern war inspirierend.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

kristallisieren
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
Ihre vagen Gedanken begannen, sich in einen klaren Plan zu kristallisieren.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

Zusammenhalt
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
Das Team zeigte hervorragenden Zusammenhalt während des Projekts.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

Gesicht, Ausdruck; Unterstützung
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
Ihr fröhliches Gesicht erhellte den Raum.
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

Clique
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
Die Studenten bildeten eine Clique, die andere ausschloss.
C1 noun /krəˈʃɛndoʊ/

crescendo

allmähliche Lautstärkezunahme
Meaning
a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music
Example
The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale.
Das Orchester baute zu einem mächtigen Crescendo auf, bevor es zum Finale kam.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

kentern
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
Das kleine Fischerboot kenterte während des Sturms.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

Kluft / großer Unterschied
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Es gab eine große Kluft zwischen den beiden politischen Parteien.
C1 verb /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnd/

condescend

herablassend mit Freundlichkeit
Meaning
to behave as if one is superior while being gracious to others
Example
He would not condescend to answer such a trivial question.
Er würde sich nicht herablassen, eine so triviale Frage zu beantworten.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

Polizist
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
Der Polizist leitete den Verkehr an der belebten Kreuzung.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɔːrt/

consort

Partner, königlicher Gemahl
Meaning
To associate with someone, typically with disapproval; also, a spouse of a reigning monarch.
Example
He was criticized for consorting with criminals.
Er wurde kritisiert, weil er mit Kriminellen verkehrte.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

kohärenz
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
Der Aufsatz hatte keine Kohärenz, was es schwer machte, ihm zu folgen.
C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

eingeschränkt, gezwungen
Meaning
appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted
Example
He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.
Er gab ein gezwungenes Lächeln während des unangenehmen Treffens.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

zwingen
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
Der Manager versuchte, die Mitarbeiter zu zwingen, Überstunden zu machen.
C1 verb /kənˈstruː/

construe

auslegen
Meaning
to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way
Example
His words could be construed as a threat.
Seine Worte könnten als Bedrohung ausgelegt werden.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

Zettel, Notiz
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Sie ließ einen chit auf dem Tisch und bat ihn, sie zurückzurufen.
C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

Fohlen
Meaning
a young male horse, especially one under four years old
Example
The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.
Der Bauer trainierte das junge Fohlen, um einen Sattel zu akzeptieren.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.dɚ/

candor

Offenheit
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward in speech or expression.
Example
She spoke with candor about the challenges she faced.
Sie sprach mit Offenheit über die Herausforderungen, denen sie gegenüberstand.
C1 noun /kriːd/

creed

Glaube, Prinzip
Meaning
A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.
Example
Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed.
Die Redefreiheit ist Teil seines persönlichen Glaubens.
C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

vermischt / kombiniert
Meaning
To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.
Example
The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.
Der Artikel neigt dazu, Fakten mit Meinungen zu vermischen.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

verständlich
Meaning
able to be understood; intelligible
Example
The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.
Der Lehrer erklärte das Thema auf verständliche Weise.
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

verstopfen / Holzschuh
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
Das Waschbecken war mit Essensabfällen verstopft.
C1 verb /klæsp/

clasp

festhalten / Verschluss
Meaning
to grasp or hold tightly; also a device for fastening
Example
She clasped her hands together in prayer.
Sie verschränkte ihre Hände in Gebet.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

ausgleichen
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
Übung kann die negativen Auswirkungen von Stress ausgleichen.
C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

kontraproduktiv
Meaning
Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.
Example
Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.
Kontraproduktive Aktivitäten entstehen oft aus Unzufriedenheit.
C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

spalten, schneiden
Meaning
to split or divide; to cut through forcefully
Example
He used an axe to cleave the wood.
Er benutzte eine Axt, um das Holz zu spalten.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ɪ.bəl/

Cannibal

Kanarier
Meaning
a person who eats the flesh of other human beings
Example
The explorer's journal described rumors of cannibals living on the remote island.
Das Tagebuch des Entdeckers beschrieb Gerüchte über Kanibalen, die auf der abgelegenen Insel lebten.
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

Eitelkeit
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Seine Eitelkeit machte ihn unter seinen Kollegen unbeliebt.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

korrodieren
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
Die Eisenrohre korodierten im Laufe der Zeit durch die Wasserexposition.
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

beschwören
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
Der Magier beschwor ein Kaninchen aus dem Hut.
C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

Zahn an einem Rad oder Zahnrad
Meaning
A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.
Example
He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.
Er fühlte sich wie ein kleines Zahnrad in einer großen Maschine.
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

Meister / Gewinner
Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
Er ist der neue Meister des Boxturniers.